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CAS No. : | 5337-93-9 | MDL No. : | MFCD00009312 |
Formula : | C10H12O | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | PATYHUUYADUHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 148.20 | Pubchem ID : | 21429 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 11 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.3 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 2 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 1.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 46.41 |
TPSA : | 17.07 Ų |
GI absorption : | High |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -5.38 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.18 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 2.57 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 2.59 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 2.4 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 2.98 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 2.54 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -2.65 |
Solubility : | 0.332 mg/ml ; 0.00224 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -2.58 |
Solubility : | 0.393 mg/ml ; 0.00265 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -3.5 |
Solubility : | 0.0463 mg/ml ; 0.000313 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.0 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P301+P312-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With triethylsilane; indium(III) bromide In chloroform at 60℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure for reductive preparation of an alkylbenzene from an aromatic ketone General procedure: To a freshly distilled CHCl3 solution (0.6 mL) in a screw-capped vial under N2 atmosphere, InBr3 (10.6 mg, 0.0300 mmol), aromatic ketone 4 (0.6 mmol) and Et3SiH (383 μL, 2.40 mmol) was successively added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 °C (bath temperature) or room temperature, and monitored by TLC or GC analysis until consumption of the starting ketone. The reaction was quenched with H2O. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (5 mL × 3), the organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by a silica gel column chromatography (hexane/AcOEt = 19/1) to give the corresponding alkylbenzene 5. 1-Cyano-4-[1-(triethylsiloxy)ethyl]benzene (5k): 85% yield; colorless oil; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.54-0.62 (m, 6H), 0.90-0.93 (m, 9H), 1.41 (d, 3H, J = 6 Hz), 4.90 (q, 1H, J = 6 Hz), 7.45 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz), 7.61 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.7, 6.7, 27.0, 69.9, 110.5, 119.0, 125.8, 132.0, 152.3; MS (ESI): m/z 284 (M++Na); HRMS (ESI): Calcd for C15H23NNaOSi: 284.1447, Found: 284.1407. |
With copper-aluminium oxide catalyst at 115℃; Hydrogenolyse; | ||
With hydrogenchloride; amalgamated zinc |
With hydrogenchloride; amalgamated zinc | ||
With sodium ethanolate; hydrazine hydrate | ||
With hydrogen In toluene at 80℃; for 24h; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | ||
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: diisobutylaluminium hydride / toluene; diethyl ether / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / toluene / 90 - 100 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / Inert atmosphere |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With aluminum (III) chloride; bromine In diethyl ether at 0℃; | |
95% | With bromine In hexane; water; acetic acid; ethyl acetate | 1.i i) i) α-bromo-4-methylpropiophenone 4-Methylpropiophenone (30 g, 0.202 mol) in acetic acid (100 ml) was added to a solution of Bromine (34 g, 1.05 eq) in acetic acid (100 ml) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. The acetic acid was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added water (100 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3*200 ml). Extracts were combined and washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate solution (200 ml), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated to dryness. The crude was purified by column chromatography (silica gel: 20% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give the title compound (43.9 g, 95%) as a yellow oil. |
89% | With bromine; acetic acid at 30℃; |
78% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; urea-hydrogen peroxide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 60℃; | |
71% | With bromine In acetic acid | |
67% | With bromine In chloroform at 0℃; | 4.1.8 4.1.8 1-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-bromopropan-1-one (5a) General procedure: To a solution of 4a (3.90 g, 14.4 mmol) in CHCl3 (100 mL) was added Br2 (741 μL, 14.4 mmol) in CHCl3 (45.0 mL) at 0 °C. After being stirred overnight, saturated NaHCO3 solution was added and extracted with DCM. The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc = 88:12) to afford 5a (3.93 g, 78%) as a colorless oil. |
54% | With bromine In acetic acid at 30℃; for 2h; | |
With bromine; benzene | ||
With bromine In diethyl ether | ||
With bromine | ||
With bromine In acetic acid | ||
With bromine In dichloromethane; water at 35℃; | ||
With bromine In aluminium chloride; chloroform | 12 2-Bromo-4'-methylpropiophenone EXAMPLE 12 2-Bromo-4'-methylpropiophenone 14.8 g (0.1 mol) of 4'-methylpropiophenone are introduced into 100 ml of chloroform, in the presence of a small amount of finely ground aluminium chloride, and a solution of 15.9 g (0.1 mol; 5 ml) of bromine, in 20 ml of chloroform is added dropwise whilst cooling with an ice bath. The mixture is left to react overnight at ambient temperature. It is then filtered, the solvent is evaporated off from the filtrate and the crystalline residue is washed with diethyl ether. 21.5 g of crystals are collected. | |
With bromine at 0 - 20℃; | ||
6.33 g | With bromine In dichloromethane for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With bromine In dichloromethane for 10h; Inert atmosphere; | 1.a.1 Synthesis of 2-(N-ferf-Butylamino)-4'-metb.ylpropiophenone (2h)Step 1. 2-Bromo-4'-methylpropiophenone (1Oh). 4'-Methylpropiophenone 9h (4.0 g, 0.027 mol) and methylene chloride (100 mL) were placed in a 250-mL flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The solution was stirred under N2 and bromine (1.38 mL, 27.0 mmol) was syringed into flask. (Note: a small amount of bromine was added to initiate the reaction; the color dissipated as the reaction occurs; after the reaction initiated, the remaining bromine was added over 10 min.) A needle was placed in the septa to allow the hydrogen bromide gas formed in the reaction to escape from the flask. After stirring for 1O h, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added to basify the reaction. When the pH was 9, the aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 6.33 g of 1Oh as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.94-7.89 (d, 2H), 7.30-7.25 (d, 2H), 5.33-5.23 (q, IH), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.87 (d, 3H). | |
With bromine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h; | ||
With bromine In dichloromethane at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | ||
With bromine In diethyl ether at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | ||
With N-Bromosuccinimide; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 4h; | ||
With N-Bromosuccinimide; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile Reflux; | ||
With copper(ll) bromide | ||
With copper(ll) bromide In ethanol at 78℃; | ||
With bromine In dichloromethane | ||
With hydrogen bromide; bromine In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 1h; | Synthesis and characterization of MDPV and 4-MMC 4-MMC was prepared in two steps as the hydrochloridesalt. To a solution of 4-methylpropiophenone in CH2Cl2 wasadded one drop of hydrobromic acid (48% aqueous solution)and one drop of bromine. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature until the bromine color was discharged and additionalbromine was introduced dropwise with stirring. Themixture was stirred for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuoto reveal an orange oil which solidified on standing (step 1).The crude product was recrystallized from diethyl ether togive 4-methyl-2-bromopropiophenone. Then, α-bromoketone was dissolved in CH3CN and methylamine(2M) in THF was added. The reaction mixture was stirredfor 1-2 h at room temperature and concentrated at reducedpressure (step 2). The crude product was dissolved in ethylacetate and hydrogen chloride solution in ethyl ether added tothis solution while stirring, producing a white precipitate. Thesolid was rinsed with ethyl ether and dried to give the hydrochloridesalt as a white solid. The identification of 4-MMChydrochloride was assessed by 1H NMR (250 MHz, DMSO)and mass spectrometry yielding the following results: δ 9.35(br s, 2H); 7.96 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz); 7.48 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz);5.10 (q, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz); 2.60 (s, 3H); 2.43 (s, 3H); 1.47 (d,3H, J = 7.2 Hz); MS (ESI) m/z 178.1 [M + 1]+. | |
With copper(ll) bromide | ||
With bromine In dichloromethane | ||
With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical In neat (no solvent) at 27℃; for 24h; Irradiation; regioselective reaction; | ||
With bromine In diethyl ether at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Reflux 2: hydrogen bromide / acetonitrile / 3 h / 20 °C / Electrolysis |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
74% | With sulfuric acid; nitric acid at -25℃; for 0.25h; | |
63% | With nitric acid at 0 - 10℃; | 50 Example 501 -(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)propan-1 -oneA solution of fuming nitric acid (100 ml.) at 0 °C is added dropwise 1-p-tolylpropan-1-one (Sigma-Aldrich, 121 mmol) while maintaining the reaction temperature below 10 °C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour then poured into excess ice water. The mixture is placed in a freezer overnight and precipitate collected by filtration, washed with ice water, and taken up in CH2CI2. The organic solution is washed with sat. aqueous NaHC03 (100 ml_), organic layer is collected, dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The crude is purified via chromatography (hexanes to EtOAc) to afford the title compound (14.8 g, 63%) as a light yellow solid: Rf 0.5 (1 :4 EtOAc:hexanes). |
60% | With nitric acid at 10℃; for 1h; |
With nitric acid | ||
Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With sulfuric acid at -15℃; for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: With nitric acid at -10℃; for 0.166667h; | 19.1 Step I: I -(4-Methyl-3-nitro-phenyl)-propan-I -one To mechanically stirred conc. H2S04 (20 mL) at -15 00 was slowly added 1-p-tolyl- propan-1-one (5.0 g, 33.8 mmol). After stirring the mixture for 5 mi conc. HNO3 (3 mL) was slowly added maintaining the temperature below -10 00. The resulting solution was stirred for 10 mi at the same temperature and then it was poured into ice. The product was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organic phases were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 6.9 g of the desired product as a pale yellow oil that solidifies by standing at room temperature. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): 8.54 (1H, d), 8.10 (1H, dd), 7.48 (1H, d), 3.04 (2H, q), 2.68 (3H, 5), 1.27 (3H,t). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With C44H44CuN2P2(1+)*F6P(1-) In toluene at 25℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In methanol; lithium hydroxide monohydrate Inert atmosphere; | 3. Typical procedure for catalytic hydrosilylation of ketones General procedure: Under nitrogen atmosphere the copper based catalyst 1 (8 7 mmg0.01 mmol), tBuOK ( 5 6 mmg0.05 mmol) and toluene (3 mL) were placed in a tube equipped with a Teflon coated magnetic stirring bar. T he mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 15 min and then polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS, 0.0 9 m L, 1.5 mmol mmol) was injected. After 15mins, ketone (0.5 mmol) was introduced and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for therequired reaction time. The mixture was quenched with MeOH (1 mL) and 10%NaOH solution (3 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 4 h. T he mixture was extractedwith ethyl acetate (5 mL × 3) and the combined organic layer was washed with waterand saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. the solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel) to afford the desired product. All the product alcohols were analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, or GC analysis. |
With sodium hydroxide; sodium tetrahydridoborate In methanol | ||
With sodium tetrahydridoborate In methanol |
With sodium tetrahydridoborate In methanol at 0 - 20℃; for 5h; | 23.a EXAMPLE 23; rac-2-(1-p-Tolyl-propyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole; a) rac-1-p-Tolyl-propan-1-ol; 1.60 g (42.2 mmol) Sodium borohydride were added portion-wise, with stirring to a solution of 5.0 g (33.7 mmol) 4-methyl-propiophenone in 50 ml methanol at 0° C., over a three hour period. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature over 2 hours and the solvent was then removed in vacuo. The residue obtained was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase extracted with dicholoromethane. The combined organic phase was washed with water then brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to give rac-1-p-tolyl-propan-1-ol as a colourless oil. NMR (CDCl3, ppm): 0.81 (3H, t), 1.72 (2H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 4.56 (1H, t), 7.05 (4H, m). | |
With sodium tetrahydridoborate In methanol at 20℃; for 0.5h; | ||
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In diethyl ether; toluene at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | ||
89 %Chromat. | With trans-RuCl(2-(2-pyridyl-6-ol)-1,10-phenanthroline)(PPh3)2PF6; potassium-t-butoxide; isopropanol at 80℃; for 0.75h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | |
With C45H40Cl2N2P2Ru; potassium-t-butoxide; isopropanol at 82℃; | ||
44 %Chromat. | With C17H13BrMnN3O3; sodium isopropanolate; isopropanol at 90℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | |
With [1,3-bis(3'-ethylimidazole-2'-thione-κ-S)-5-methoxybenzene-κ-C]pentamethyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) chloride; isopropanol; sodium hydroxide at 80℃; for 3h; | 5 The semi-sandwich rhodium complex I-2 was used as the catalyst (0.0005mmol), 0.1mmol of p-methylpropiophenone, sodium hydroxide (0.4mmol) and 1mL of isopropanol were used as solvents, and 0.1mmol of dodecane was used as the internal standard , Heat to 80°C and react for 3 hours. After the reaction, it was cooled to 25°C, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Water and ethyl acetate were added for liquid separation extraction, the organic phases were combined, diluted, and the organic phase was taken for testing. The conversion rate measured by GC-Ms was 88%. | |
With potassium-t-butoxide; C28H28N4*3Fe(3+)*7Cl(1-)*H2O*2HO(1-); isopropanol at 82℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | ||
With sodium tetrahydridoborate; ethanol at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | ||
80 %Chromat. | With [1,3-bis(3'-methylimidazole-2'-thione-κ-S)-5-methoxybenzene-κ-C]pentamethyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) chloride; sodium hydroxide In isopropanol at 80℃; for 3h; Molecular sieve; | 2.5. General procedure for the reduction of ketone compounds withhalf-sandwich rhodium complex General procedure: A mixture of ketones (0.1 mmol), NaOH (0.4 mmol, 4 equiv.),and half-sandwich rhodium complex (0.5 mol%) in 2-propanol(1.0 mL) was heated to 80 C in the presence of 4 Å molecular sievefor 3 h. After complete reaction (monitored by TLC), the reactionmixture was cooled to room temperature. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo, extracted with ethyl acetate and water(3 5 mL). The organic layers were analyzed by GC-MS chromatographyusing n-dodecane as an internal standa |
68 %Chromat. | With sodium triethylborohydride; C22H34BrMoN3O2; isopropanol; sodium hydroxide at 90℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With iodine for 8h; Heating; | Synthesis of 2-amino-4-(4'-substituted phenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole (4a-f): General procedure: Thiourea (0.04 mol) and iodine (0.02 mol)were triturated and mixed with appropriate 4-substituted propiophenone (0.02 mol), the mixture was heated on a water bathat 70 °C with occasional stirring for 8 h. The solid product was triturated and mixed with ethyl ether to remove unreacted 4-substituted phenyl propiophenone, washed with aqueous thiosulphate (5 %) to remove excess iodine and finally with water. The crude product was dissolved in hot water, filtered toremove impurity and 2-amino-4-(4'-substituted phenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazole (Scheme-II) was precipitated by additionof ammonia solution. The product was recrystallized from ethanol to give crystal of desired product [9]. |
With iodine |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In benzene Heating / reflux; | 1 Example I; Synthesis of the hydrochloride salt of 2~amino-i-(ηpropyt~l ,2~4iβne)phenyl)propanoic acid, 100599}; The 1,2-dicarbonyl containing non-natural amino acid was ptepared according to the synthetic scheme given below: tøeCQHN-CHξCOOEtfcjiCO,. XK DMSO 90 ;;C. overnight 22% tor 2 steps100600) To a solution of 4'-methyipropioρhetione ( 20 g, . 22 mmol) and tV-broraosuccJnJmde ( NBS, 23 g, 130 :nitviol) in benzene (3OD ml,} at 90 0C was added 2. 2 '-azαbisi5.obιit>τonimk' (AIBN, 0,6 g> 3,6 mmol). The resultant solution was beaicd Kt reωux oveϖiight. The reaction was then cooled to room Eeϖφeratttte. The brown solution was washed sυccessivcly wiili }ijθ and brine, then dried over anhydrous Na.;SO.t, litered, and10 concentrated in vacuo, ilie residue was. crystaHtzetl ft out hexanεs to afford product as a Ugh. yellow solid (27 g, 87%), |
87% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In benzene Reflux; | 11 (0525) To a solution of 4'-methylpropiophenone (20 g, 122 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimde (NBS, 23 g, 130 mmol) in benzene (300 mL) at 90 °C was added 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 0.6 g, 3.6 mmol). The resultant solution was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature. The brown solution was washed successively with H2O and brine, then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized from hexanes to afford product as a light yellow solid (27 g, 87%). |
85% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In acetonitrile at 90℃; for 7h; Inert atmosphere; |
71% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In acetonitrile for 9h; Reflux; | |
52.9% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide In tetrachloromethane Heating; | |
31% | With N-Bromosuccinimide; Perbenzoic acid In tetrachloromethane for 1h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 24h; | |
76% | With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; | 2 Embodiment 22 - hydroxy -1 - preparation of methyl phenyl acetone Taking a 25 ml Schlenk reaction tube, iodize elemental (I2) 26 mg (0.1mmol) as catalyst, methyl phenyl acetone 75 mg (0.5mmol), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 1 ml as the oxidizing agent, carbonylating and solvent, for 60 °C stirring for 24 hours. After the reaction by adding ethyl acetate 15 ml, salt water 3 ml, ethyl acetate 3 times, the combined organic phase, column chromatography separation to obtain 2 - hydroxy -1 - methyl phenyl acetone pure product 62 mg, yield 76%. |
62% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; iodine In methanol at 20℃; for 27h; Irradiation; | 2 Example 2 A green preparation method of α-hydroxy ketone, the method is to sequentially add 1-p-tolyl-1-acetone 0.3 mmol,Iodine 0.06 mmol, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane 0.15 mmol (DABCO),Add 2.0 mL of methanol to a 5 mL glass reaction flask; then, under the irradiation of a 23 W compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), the reaction was stirred at room temperature in an air atmosphere for 27 hours to obtain a reaction mixture, which was separated by silica gel column chromatography.1-p-tolyl-2-hydroxy-1-acetone 30.5mg, its structural formula is as follows:Among them: the mobile phase used for silica gel column chromatography is a mixture obtained by mixing PE and EtOAc at 15 mL:1 mL.The analytical results of the obtained product 1-p-tolyl-2-hydroxypropan-1-one are as follows: pale yellow liquid with a yield of 62%. |
52% | With potassium peroxomonosulfate; iodobenzene; trifluoroacetic anhydride In water monomer; acetonitrile at 90℃; for 15h; | |
With p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid; water monomer; thallium(III) acetate; dimethyl sulfoxide 1.) MeCN, reflux, 2 h, 3.) 80 deg C, 1 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction; | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: Tl(OAc)3; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid / 0.33 h / 60 °C 1.2: 93 percent / H2O / 0.17 h 2.1: aq. LiOH / tetrahydrofuran / 0.03 h / 20 °C | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: Tl(OAc)3; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid / 0.33 h / 60 °C 1.2: 91 percent / H2O / 0.17 h 2.1: aq. LiOH / tetrahydrofuran / 0.03 h / 20 °C | ||
128 mg | With iodine; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; copper(II) oxide at 100℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 24h; | ||
With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With water; oxygen In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 24h; Title compound not separated from byproducts.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With air; 4-aminoperbenzoic acid In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 11h; | |
78% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With [hydroxy(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy)iodo]benzene for 0.025h; microwave irradiation; Stage #2: With pyridine N-oxide for 0.00833333h; microwave irradiation; | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: conc. HCl; n-butyl nitrite / methanol / 14 h / 20 °C 2: conc. HCl; aq. formaldehyde / 20 °C |
Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With [hydroxy(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy)iodo]benzene In acetonitrile for 1h; Reflux; Stage #2: With pyridine N-oxide In toluene for 2h; Reflux; | ||
With selenium(IV) dioxide In 1,4-dioxane | ||
Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With [hydroxy(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy)iodo]benzene In acetonitrile for 1h; Reflux; Stage #2: With pyridine N-oxide In toluene for 2h; Reflux; | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: acetonitrile / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 2: pyridine N-oxide / toluene / Reflux |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With Trimethyl borate; (S)-diphenylprolinol; dimethylsulfide borane complex In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at 25℃; Title compound not separated from byproducts; | ||
With formic acid; Ru-(R,R)-Ts-dpen; triethylamine In water monomer at 40℃; for 2h; Title compound not separated from byproducts; | ||
With anhydrous sodium formate at 40℃; for 50h; Title compound not separated from byproducts; |
With Yarrowia lipolytica 8661 In various solvent(s) Title compound not separated from byproducts.; | ||
With 2-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl-methyl)amino]-3-phenylprop-1-oxyiridium(I) cyclooctadiene; potassium-t-butoxide; hydrogen; acetone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 48h; Autoclave; Optical yield = 88 %ee; enantioselective reaction; | ||
88 % ee | With ketoreductase P1-B10; NADPH In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropanol at 30℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; | |
14 % ee | With ketoreductase P1-H08; NADPH In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropanol at 30℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; | |
With potassium-t-butoxide; hydrogen; C32H44Cl2N2ORh2 In tetrahydrofuran for 48h; Autoclave; Glovebox; Heating; Optical yield = 86 percent ee; | 4.3. General procedure for the asymmetric hydrogenation General procedure: The reaction was carried out in stainless steel autoclaves in a glovebox under exclusion of oxygen and moisture. Aromatic ketones (1.0mmol), catalyst (0.2 mol%) and KOtBu (1.0 eq.) were placed in a reactiontubes insert for the autoclave, equipped with a magnetic stir barfollowed by the addition of THF (2.0 mL). Then the autoclave was sealedand taken out of the glove box. The autoclave was attached to a highpressurehydrogen line and purged with H2. The autoclave was sealedunder the appropriate H2 pressure (20 bar) and the mixture was stirredfor 48 h at room temperature or at the appropriate temperature (externalheating mantle). After completion, the pressure was released and waterand dodecane (standard for GC) were added to the reaction. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With triiron dodecarbonyl; C52H58N4P2; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In methanol at 45℃; for 10h; enantioselective reaction; | |
31% | With Mucor racemosus 7924 In various solvent(s) | |
99 % ee | With ketoreductase P3-G09; NADPH In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropyl alcohol at 30℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; |
95 %Chromat. | With bis(triphenylphosphine)carbonyliridium(I) chloride; C70H73N4P3; potassium hydroxide In isopropyl alcohol at 40℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; enantioselective reaction; | 2.2. Typical procedure for ATH General procedure: Under nitrogen atmosphere, the catalyst precursor IrCl(-CO)(PPh3)2 (3.9 mg, 0.005 mmol) and (R,R,R,R)-3 (5.3 mg,0.005 mmol) were placed in a tube equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar. i-PrOH was then added and the mixture was stirred at 40 8C for 20 min. An appropriate amount of KOH/i-PrOH solution was then added, and the mixture was continually stirredfor another 20 min. Next, ketone (0.5 mmol) was introduced and the mixture was stirred at 40 8C for the required reaction time. At the end of the reaction, the product was analyzed by GC using achiral CP-Chirasil-Dex CB column. |
With ketoreductase KRED-P3-H12; choline chloride; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; magnesium sulfate; glycerol In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropyl alcohol at 30℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With lithium tert-butoxide In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure of lithium tert-butoxide-mediated sterically hindered Claisen condensation (Table 2). General procedure: An oven-dried vial equipped with a stir bar was charged with a mixture of lithium tert-butoxide (0.52 g, 6.5 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (0.88 g, 6.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL), and the mixture was then stirred at 0 oC under a nitrogen atmosphere. Ten minutes later, a solution of alkylphenones 1 (5.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture, and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 4 h. After completion of the reaction as monitored by TLC, the mixture was concentrated to remove THF giving a residual, to which were added water (10 mL), methylene chloride (15 mL) and 10% hydrochloric acid (ca. 3 mL) until pH 3-4 to make the solution partitioned into organic and aqueous layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 mL × 2). The combined organic phase was washed with water (20 mL × 2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give a crude oil, which was purified by column chromatography (200-300 mesh silica gel, petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 20:1) to offer the corresponding 2. |
Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - -20℃; Stage #2: oxalic acid diethyl ester In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 20℃; | ||
at -78℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | Stage #1: triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide With potassium-t-butoxide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4'-methylpropiophenone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; | |
79% | Stage #1: triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4'-methylpropiophenone In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
10% | Stage #1: triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 5℃; for 3h; Stage #2: 4'-methylpropiophenone In tetrahydrofuran for 16h; Heating; |
Stage #1: triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4'-methylpropiophenone In tetrahydrofuran; hexane Inert atmosphere; | ||
Stage #1: triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide With potassium-t-butoxide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4'-methylpropiophenone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; | 2.2 One typical example for the preparation of alkenes. General procedure: To a suspension of tBuOK (12 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) in anhydrous THF (20 mL) was added MePPh3Br (12 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) under argon atmosphere. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then corresponding ketone (10 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 h . Then the mixture was filtered through a short pad of silica gel, which was subsequently washed with ethyl acetate (200 mL). After evaporation of the organic solvent, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide alkene 1i (1.31g, 90%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With Aluminum(III) chloride hexahydrate; urea-hydrogen peroxide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 60℃; for 6h; | |
71% | With N-chloro-succinimide; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile for 4h; Reflux; | 2-Chloro-1-(p-tolyl)propan-1-one S1 Unrecrystallised N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) (8.95 g, 67 mmol) was added to a stirring solution of 4'-methylpropiophenone (9.93 g, 10 mL, 67 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (19.12 g, 100.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) in acetonitrile (150 mL). The mixture was stirred under reflux conditions for 4 hours. Upon cooling, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with water (2 x 20 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give the chloride S1 (8.69 g, 71%) as an orange oil which crystallised to a cream solid |
70% | With N-chloro-succinimide; urea-hydrogen peroxide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 60℃; |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Reflux 2: hydrogenchloride / acetonitrile; water / 3 h / 20 °C / Electrolysis |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With [Ru(η(3):η(3)-C10H16)Cl(O2CCH3)] In aq. phosphate buffer at 50℃; for 5h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; | |
97% | With Fe(II)(bis(2-(diisopropylphosphino)ethyl)amine)(CO)(H)(Cl); potassium-t-butoxide In toluene at 80℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; | |
90% | With C30H29BrMnNO2P2; potassium-t-butoxide In toluene at 120℃; for 1h; |
88% | With potassium-t-butoxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | |
74% | With 1,10-Phenanthroline; sodium tertiary butoxide In toluene at 80℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; | |
72% | With potassium-t-butoxide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | |
80 % Chromat. | In toluene at 119.85℃; for 3h; | |
> 99 %Spectr. | With bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate; 1-deuterio-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol; (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) In water monomer at 20℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With C17H22Cl2N2Ru; isopropylamine In aq. phosphate buffer at 50℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | ||
With [Ru(η(3):η(3)-C10H16)Cl(O2CCH3)] at 50℃; for 0.75h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | ||
With trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride; magnesium(II) sulfate; glycerol In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropanol at 50℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | ||
87 %Spectr. | With [Ru(η(3):η(3)-C10H16)Cl(O2CCH3)]; sodium chloride In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; n-Butyl nitrite In methanol at 20℃; for 14h; | ||
With sodium methylate; acetic acid; isopentyl nitrite In methanol; water; ethyl acetate | H.3 Example H-3 Example H-3 Preparation of STR25 A solution of 15.0 g of p-methylpropiophenone and 20 ml of isopentyl nitrite in 30 ml of methanol is slowly added dropwise to 20 ml of sodium methylate (30% in methanol). After the mixture has been stirred for 5 hours, 30 ml of water are added dropwise, and the mixture is subsequently acidified using acetic acid. The mixture is extracted using ethyl acetate, and the extract is washed with water, dried (Na2 SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is recrystallized from diethyl ether/n-hexane. This gives α-hydroxyimino-4-methylpropiophenone as colourless crystals of melting point 122°-124° C. | |
With n-Butyl nitrite; sodium ethanolate at -5℃; |
With n-Butyl nitrite; sodium ethanolate at -5℃; | ||
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; isopentyl nitrite In dichloromethane at -20 - 20℃; for 1h; | 2.2 Synthesis of the Acyl Radical Precursors General procedure: The above oxime esters 2a-2e, 2g-2s were synthesized according to the method below.[1]Step 1: To a solution of 10 mmol ketone in 5 mL DCM was added 1 eq. TMSCl ( trimethylchlorosilane, 1.24 mL)at -20 . To this cooled solution was dropwise added 1 eq. isoamyl nitrite (1.34 mL). The reaction was found to beinstantaneous, but the mixture was stirred at r.t. for an additional period of 1 h before working up. The solution wasdirectly concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (elutingwith hexane/ethyl acetate = 20:1) and the corresponding oximes I was obtained.Step 2: To a solution of 10 mmol oxime I and 1.5 eq. triethylamine (2.08 mL) in 20 mL DCM was slowly added asolution of 1.2 eq. acyl chloride in DCM (5 mL) at 0 . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. After completion, thereaction was quenched with 50 mL NaHCO3 saturated solution and extracted with 50 mL DCE for three times. Theextract was washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flashcolumn chromatography on silica gel (eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate = 20:1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; iodine; oxygen; dimethyl sulfoxide at 130℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | Typical Procedure for the Synthesis of carboxylic acid (2a) from acetophenone (1a) General procedure: To a 20-mL tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was added acetophenone 1a (120 mg, 1 mmol), 2 mL of DMSO, iodine (25 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (40 mg, 0.1 mmol). Then the tube was sealed after being charged with oxygen to replace the air in it. The tube was placed into a preheated oil bath (130°C), and the reaction solution was stirred for 12h. Then the reaction was quenched with water, and the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 11 with 0.1 mol/L NaOH. After being washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 3 mL), the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 2 with 0.1mol/L HCl and extracted with ether (3 x 6 mL). The combined ether phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether as eluent to afford 2a as a white solid (104 mg, 85% yield). 1H NMR(600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.88 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.62-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (125MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.3, 132.7, 130.8, 129.2, 128.5. |
80% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide In chlorobenzene at 130℃; for 14h; Stage #2: With tert.-butylhydroperoxide at 130℃; | |
80% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide In chlorobenzene at 130℃; for 3h; Stage #2: With tert.-butylhydroperoxide In chlorobenzene at 20 - 130℃; for 11h; | 13 Example 13: Preparation of p-methylbenzoic acid (formula (2-2)) The reaction step was the same as that in Example 12. The substrate to be added was p-methylpropiophenone (formula (1-22)). The reaction time was 11 h after the addition of TBHP, and the isolated yield of p-methylbenzoic acid was 80. %. Add 1 mmol of p-methylacetophenone (formula (1-2)), 6 mmol of DMSO, 0.1 mmol of I2, 2 mL of chlorobenzene solvent to a 10 mL two-neck round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer.The reaction flask was then placed in an oil bath preheated to 130 ° C, and the magnetic stirrer was turned on for 3 h.The reaction flask was taken out, cooled to room temperature, 2 mmol of TBHP was added, and the reaction was continued at a temperature of 130 ° C for 3.5 h.The reaction solution was quenched by adding water, and then the pH was adjusted to about 11 with a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 0.1 mol/L, and the aqueous phase was taken and washed three times with diethyl ether.Then, the pH was adjusted to about 2 with a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 0.1 mol/L, and then extracted three times with diethyl ether. The three ether extracts were combined, and the ether was evaporated under reduced pressure.And performing column chromatography separation, and extracting the eluent containing the target compound by using a mixture of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether volume ratio of 1:25 as an eluent.The solvent was distilled off to give the product p-methylbenzoic acid in an isolated yield of 92%. |
77% | With Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; iodine; oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide at 130℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; | 14 Example 13: Preparation of p-methylbenzoic acid (formula (2-2)) General procedure: 1 mmol of p-methylacetophenone (formula (1-2)), 0.1 mmol of I was added to a 25 mL glass tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar.2, 0.1 mmol of Fe (NO3)3·9H2O, 2mL of DMSO, replace the air in the glass tube with oxygen, seal the glass tube, then put the sealed glass tube into the oil bath preheated to 130 ° C, and turn on the magnetic stirrer, after 12h reaction, remove the sealing glass Tube, wait until it is cooled to room temperature, add water to the reaction solution to quench the reaction, then adjust the pH to about 11 with sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L, wash three times with ethyl acetate, the concentration of the aqueous phase is 0.1 mol /L hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH to about 2, and then extracted three times with diethyl ether, the three ether extracts were combined, the ether was evaporated under reduced pressure, and then separated by column chromatography to ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio 1 The mixture of 25 was used as an eluent, and the eluate containing the target compound was collected, and the solvent was distilled off to obtain the product p-methylbenzoic acid in an isolated yield of 90%. |
66% | With 5% active carbon-supported ruthenium; water; oxygen; calcium oxide at 100℃; for 24h; | |
60% | With Oxone; trifluoroacetic acid In 1,4-dioxane for 10h; Reflux; Green chemistry; | Benzoic Acid (3a); Typical Procedure from Acetophenone or Phenylacetylene General procedure: To a mixture of acetophenone (100 mg, 1 equiv) or phenylacetylene (1 equiv) in dioxane (5 mL), Oxone (2 equiv) and TFA (2 equiv) were added. The mixture was then heated to reflux for 10 h and then cooled to r.t. H2O (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL). The combined organic layers were treated with sat. NaHCO3 solution and the aqueous layer was poured onto crushed ice and treated with 2 M HCl; a colorless solid precipitated out. The precipitate was filtered off and dried in vacuo to give benzoic acid (3a) after column chromatography (silica gel; EtOAc-hexane, 1:9) as a white crystalline solid; yield: 0.096 g (95%) from 1a; mp 122-123 °C. |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate / 1 h / 60 °C 2: urea; hydrogen peroxide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With C28H46N4O10S2; dihydrogen peroxide; iron(III) perchlorate; acetic acid In water; acetonitrile at 80℃; for 1h; regioselective reaction; | |
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: 60 percent / nitric acid / 1 h / 10 °C 2.1: 59 percent / aq. HCl; iron / 2.5 h / 95 - 100 °C 3.1: aq. H2SO4; NaNO2 / 10 °C 3.2: 79 percent / water / 1 h / 70 °C | ||
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 74 percent / H2SO4 (conc.), HNO3 (conc.) / 0.25 h / -25 °C 2: SnCl2*2H2O, HCl (conc.) / 2 h / 5 °C 3: NaNO2 (aq.), HCl (conc.) / 0.75 h / 0 - 5 °C 4: H2O / 0.08 h / Heating |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: ammonium sulfide; sulfur / 210 °C 2: HCl | ||
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: ammonium sulfide; sulfur / 210 °C 2: nitrous acid 3: HCl |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With magnesium chloride In isopropyl alcohol at 25℃; | |
98% | With (2-((2,4-dimethyl-5-phenylimidazo[1,5-b]pyridazin-7-yl)amido)-4-methylpentan-1-ol)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; hydrogen; acetone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; Autoclave; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction; | |
96% | With C44H48FeIrNO2P(1+)*C32H12BF24(1-); hydrogen; sodium carbonate In methanol at 20℃; for 24h; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction; |
83% | With bromopentacarbonylmanganese(I); hydrogen; C45H43FeNP2; potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene at 20℃; for 36h; enantioselective reaction; | |
82% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With dimethylsulfide borane complex In tetrahydrofuran Stage #2: With methanol; water In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; | 5 EXAMPLE 5R-(+)-1-4-tolylpropan-1-olTo a 100 mL round flask equipped with a septa and Nitrogen flow, 10% of catalyst 6 (0.325 g, 1.0 mmol) was added. Then dry THF (30 mL) was added to make a solution. BDS complex 10.0 M (1.0 mL, 10.00 mmol) was added to the catalyst solution. The mixture was stirred for about 15 minutes. A solution of 4-methyl propiophenone (1.482 g, 10.0 mmol) with dry THF (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture during 1 hour. The reaction was allowed to react overnight. A sample of 0.5 mL was treated with MeOH (2 mL) and water (1 mL) followed by Et2O extractions (3 mL). The crude was analyzed by G.C. and the product was observed with a retention time of 14.643 min with an approximately enantiomeric excess of 82% ee. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., MeOH (15 mL) was added and the mixture is heated in the rotovaporator while concentrated. The concentrate was treated with NH4Cl saturated solution followed by extractions with DCM (4×25 mL), dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated. After vacuum distillation with the Kugelrohr oven (150° C./0.15 mmHg) the 1-4-tolylpropan-1-ol was obtained in an 82% yield (1.230 g).An analysis of the product gave the following results:1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.856 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H, CH3); 1.684 (m, 2H, CH2); 2.315 (s, 3H, CH3); 2.542 (s, 1H, OH); 4.447 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H, CH); 7.098, 7.118, 7.156, 7.176 (Ar, 4H).13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 10.04 (CH3); 20.94 (CH3); 31.62 (CH2); 75.59 (CH); 125.85, 128.85, 136.79, 141.58 (Ar); (Mass, 70 eV, EI): 150.1 (M+, 4.43%); 133.1 (100%), 121.1 (48.36%); 93.1 (63.43%); 91.1 (41.95%); 77.1 (13.61%).[α]20D=+40.7 (C=0.063, CHCl3). |
98 % ee | With ketoreductase P1-A04; NADPH In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropyl alcohol at 30℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; | |
With ketoreductase KRED-P2-C11; choline chloride; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; magnesium sulfate; glycerol In aq. phosphate buffer; isopropyl alcohol at 30℃; for 24h; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With ammonia; ammonium bicarbonate In ethanol; water at 70℃; | 1 A mixture of 4'-methylpropiophenone (5.0 g), ammonium bicarbonate (9.6 g) and potassium cyanide (2.6 g) in ethanol (13 mL)/ammonium hydroxide (10 mL) was warmed up to 70° C. and stirred overnight in a sealed vessel. After the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient conditions, water (10 mL) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with water (thrice), ether (twice) and dried under vacuum to give 6.25 g (85%) of the title compound as a white solid. (M+H)+-219. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In ethyl acetate at 20 - 75℃; for 24h; | |
35% | With potassium carbonate; ethylene dibromide; potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; Sealed tube; | General procedure for the synthesis of α-acyloxycarbonyl compounds 6a-6m General procedure: Procedure b: 1,2-dibromoethane (258 uL, 3.0 mmol), KI (66 mg, 0.4 mmol)and K2CO3 (414 mg, 3.0 mmol) were added to a 15 mL sealed tube, followed by the addition of carboxylic acid (3.0 mmol) and ketone (2.0 mmol). Then 4.0 mL DMF was added to the reaction system. The mixed solution was stirred at 60 °C under air conditions. The reaction mixture was diluted with 100 ml water and extracted with 50 ml ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, evaporated under reduced pressure and separated by column chromatography on silica gel (200-300) with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate mixtures to obtain the desired product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With [{HMn(CO)4}3] In 1,4-dioxane at 135℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With PdCl2(C3H3N2(CH3))(C3H2N2(C6H3(C3H7)2)2); potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In toluene at 80℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; | |
80% | With C40H44ClN3Pd; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 80℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | 4.2.3. General procedure for the complex 3a-catalyzed α-arylationof ketones General procedure: Under N2 atmosphere, 3a (1.0 or 2.0 mol%), NaOtBu (2.0 equiv), toluene (1.0 mL), propiophenones 7 (0.5 mmol) and aryl chlorides 4 (0.6 mmol) were successively added into a Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 80 °C for 3 h. Then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was puried by flash column chromatography (SiO2) to give the corresponding products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60.12% | Stage #1: propionyl chloride With aluminum (III) chloride In toluene at -5 - 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: at 82℃; for 2h; | 2.2.1 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl) butylenes (PHB-1) Propionyl chloride (13.3 g, 0.143 mol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of AlCl3 (37 g, 0.28 mol) in dry toluene (60 ml) at -5 °C to 0 °C. The mixture was then warmed to room temperature for 1 h and heated to 82 °C for 2 h. The resultant mixture was poured into ice water. The organic layer was washed with 10% Na2CO3 as well as saturated NaCl, and then dried over MgSO4. 4-Methyl propiophenone was obtained at 105-110 °C by vacuum distillation (12.6 g, 60.12%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With silver (II) carbonate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; lithium acetate; palladium diacetate; tricyclohexylphosphine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 100℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | (E)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1-p-tolylprop-2-en-1-one General procedure: In a glove box, a 25 mL of Schlenk tube equipped with a stir bar was charged with Pd(OAc)2 (0.03 mmol, 0.1 equiv), PCy3 (0.03 or 0.06 mmol, 0.1 or 0.2 equiv), LiOAc (0.45 mmol, 1.5 equiv) (or NaOAc), TEMPO (0.12 mmol, 0.4 equiv), Ag2CO3 (0.9 mmol, 3 equiv). The tube was fitted with a rubber septum and removed out of the glove box. DME (2 mL), propiophenone (0.9 mmol, 3.0 equiv) and thiophene (0.3 mmol, 1.0 equiv) were added in turn to the Schlenk tube through the rubber septum using syringes, and then the septum was replaced with a Teflon screwcap under nitrogen flow (if the thiophene or the substituted propiophenone was solid, it was added to the tube in the glove box). The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 oC or 120 oC for 24 h. After cooling down, the reaction mixture was diluted with 10 mL of ethyl ether, filtered through a pad of silica gel, followed by washing the pad of the silica gel with the same solvent (20 mL), concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was then purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 2-15 % ethyl ether in petroleum ether as eluent to provide the corresponding product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Green chemistry; Stage #2: morpholine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 10h; Green chemistry; | |
94% | With sodium percarbonate; ammonium iodide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h; | |
94% | With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 15h; | 6 preparation of α-morpholine p-methylpropiophenone compound In the air atmosphere, a polytetrafluoroethylene magnet granule was placed in the reactor, then added 2-6-bis [4- (1,1-dimethyl) -2-oxazolin-2-yl] pyridine and Cupric bromide reagent (0.06mmol (5mol%) prepared by the method of Example 1 , 1.2 mmol of p-Methylpropiophenone, 3.6 mmol of morpholine and 0.2 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and at room temperate carried out open stirring for 15h. The reaction mixture was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate / n-hexane eluent to give α-morpholine p- methylpropiophenone compound (0.26g, yield 94%) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Green chemistry; Stage #2: Thiomorpholin In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 10h; Green chemistry; | |
74% | With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 50℃; for 15h; | 13 preparation of α-Thiomorpholine p- Butanone compound In the air atmosphere, a polytetrafluoroethylene magnet granule was placed in the reactor, then added 2-6-bis [4- (1,1-dimethyl) -2-oxazolin-2-yl] pyridine and Cupric bromide reagent (0.06mmol (5mol%) prepared by the method of Example 1 , 1.2 mmol of p- Butanone, 3.6 mmol of Thiomorpholine and 0.2 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and at 50°C carried out open stirring for 15h. The reaction mixture was subjected to silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate / n-hexane eluent to give α-Thiomorpholine p- Butanone compound (0.22g, yield 74%) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With C21H25ClIrN2O2(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium carbonate at 120℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | |
93% | With C34H27IrN2P(1+)*C32H12BF24(1-); Cs2CO3 at 65℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | |
92% | With TMAO; triscarbonyl-(2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo[3.3.0]nona-1,4-dien-3-one)iron; potassium carbonate at 80℃; for 24h; |
88% | With C21H17ClN5ORu(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium-t-butoxide at 85℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Glovebox; Sealed tube; | |
76% | With C34H27MnNO3P2(1+)*Br(1-); Cs2CO3 at 85℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | |
75% | With C31H29ClN2Ru; potassium hydroxide at 70℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; | |
With C25H27ClIrN4O(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium hydroxide at 120℃; for 4h; Sealed tube; | ||
With rhenium(I) pentacarbonyl chloride; Cs2CO3; [2-((diphenylphospino)methyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl]bis[diphenylphosphine] at 140℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With potassiumhexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate; 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide; oxygen In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 110℃; for 8h; Green chemistry; | |
76% | With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; iodine; sodium carbonate In water; acetonitrile at 70℃; for 24h; | Typical procedure: benzoic acid, 2-phenyl-2-oxoethyl ester (2a) General procedure: A mixture of acetophenone (1a)(240 mg, 2.0 mmol), I2 (50.8 mg, 0.2 mmol), TBHP (1032 mg, 8.0 mmol, 70% in water), Na2CO3 (212mg, 2.0 mmol), and CH3CN (2.0 mL) was added successively into a round-bottom flask, and theresulting solution was stirred for 24 h at 70 °C. The mixture was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel to afford product 2a with PE/ethyl acetate = 20/1 as the eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; hydrazine hydrate In water at 25℃; Green chemistry; regioselective reaction; | 2.1 General procedures for the regioselective DABCO-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3,6-diaryl-4-methylpyridazine derivatives General procedure: To a mixture of arylglyoxalmonohydrate (1 mmol), propiophenone (1 mmol) and DABCO (50 mol%) in water (10 mL) were added hydrazine hydrate (4 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 25 °C until precipitation ceased (2-4 h). After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and purified by recrystallization from ethanol. 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methylpyridazine (34): white crystals; 94%; mp 166 °C. IR (KBr): νmax = 3090, 2922, 2850, 1588, 1486, 1407, 1073, 1003, 821 cm-1. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 7.33 (d, 2H, J = 7.5), 7.57 (d, 2H, J = 7.5), 7.66 (d, 2H, J = 8.1), 7.75 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 2H, J = 8.1). C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 20.1, 21.3, 124.8, 127.7, 128.2, 128.5, 129.5, 129.9, 130.1, 130.4, 131.4, 133.0, 156.2, 160.5. Anal. found, C, 63.78; H, 4.45; N, 8.30. C18H15BrN2 requires C, 63.73; H, 4.46; N, 8.26. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; hydrazine hydrate; In water; at 25℃;Green chemistry; | General procedure: To a mixture of arylglyoxalmonohydrate (1 mmol), propiophenone (1 mmol) and DABCO (50 mol%) in water (10 mL) were added hydrazine hydrate (4 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 25 C until precipitation ceased (2-4 h). After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and purified by recrystallization from ethanol. 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methylpyridazine (35): yellow crystals; 68%; mp 184 C. IR (KBr): numax = 3090, 3035, 1918, 1586, 1438, 1406, 1090, 1008, 824 cm-1. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) delta 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 7.33 (d, 2H, J = 7.8), 7.45-7.6 (m, 4H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 2H, J = 8.7). C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) delta 20.1, 21.3, 125.0, 126.6, 127.4, 128.2, 129.2, 129.8, 130.0, 130.3, 136.9, 139.2, 156.1, 160.5. Anal. found, C, 73.39; H, 5.18; N, 9.66. C18H15ClN2 requires C, 73.34; H, 5.13; N, 9.50. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; hydrazine hydrate In water at 25℃; Green chemistry; regioselective reaction; | 2.1 General procedures for the regioselective DABCO-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3,6-diaryl-4-methylpyridazine derivatives General procedure: To a mixture of arylglyoxalmonohydrate (1 mmol), propiophenone (1 mmol) and DABCO (50 mol%) in water (10 mL) were added hydrazine hydrate (4 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 25 °C until precipitation ceased (2-4 h). After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and purified by recrystallization from ethanol. 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylpyridazine (37): yellow crystals; 75%; mp 134 °C. IR (KBr): νmax = 3005, 2925, 2835, 1609, 1583, 1395, 1256, 1023, 845 cm-1. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 7.04 (d, 2H, J = 8.1), 7.31 (d, 2H, J = 7.8), 7.56 (d, 2H, J = 7.8), 7.69 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, 2H, J = 8.7). C NMR (7.5 MHz, CDCl3) δ 20.1, 21.3, 56.0, 113.3, 113.7, 115.0, 115.5, 126.0, 127.6, 128.1, 130.0, 138.9, 156.7, 159.8, 161.2. Anal. found, C, 78.57; H, 6.24; N, 9.77. C19H18N2O requires C, 78.59; H, 6.25; N, 9.65. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: titanium(IV) tetraethanolate / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 70 °C 1.2: 0.17 h / -50 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride / diethyl ether; 1,4-dioxane / 0.5 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere | ||
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: titanium(IV) isopropylate / tetrahydrofuran / 18 h / 75 °C 2: sodium tetrahydroborate / tetrahydrofuran / -60 - 0 °C 3: hydrogenchloride / 1,4-dioxane; methanol / 0.5 h / 20 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With sodium cyanoborohydride In methanol at 20℃; for 72h; | 6 Methylpropiophenone (313mg, 90%, 1.9mmol) was dissolved in 5mL of methanol at room temperature was added sequentiallyEthylamine hydrochloride (774mg, 9.5mmol), sodium cyanoborohydride (119mg, 1.9mmol), stirred at room temperature 72Hours, TLC the reaction was complete, the reaction was stopped, spin dry methanol, add dissolved 5mL2N hydrochloric acid, acetic add 7mLEther, stirring separation, the organic phase was discarded, adding water 6NNaOH (saturated NaCl solution saturated) to PH> 10, etherExtraction (10mL × 3), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous NaSO4, and concentrated to give a pale yellow oil of N- ethyl-1- toluene-1-propylamine in 90% yield, directly in the next step. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone; 1-amino-2-propene With titanium(IV) isopropylate In methanol at 20℃; Stage #2: With methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate at 0℃; for 2h; | 7 Methylpropiophenone (340mg, 90%, 2.06mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of methanol at room temperature byWas added titanium tetraisopropoxide (0.92mL, 3.1mmol), allyl amine (0.62mL, 8.24mmol), room temperatureWas stirred overnight, TLC the reaction was complete, the ice water bath was added sodium borohydride (117mg, 8.24mmol),0 kept stirring for 2 hours after the reaction was stopped by adding 1mL of water, stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature, filtered through Celite, the filterCake with dichloromethane and washed with water, separation, the organic phase washed with brine, stripping time, dried over anhydrous NaSO4, and concentrated to give a pale yellow oil of N- allyl-1- tolyl -1-propanamine, yield 90.0%, directly in the next step. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In ethyl acetate at 80℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; | 12 A typical procedure for the synthesis of α-acyloxycarbonyl compounds General procedure: The mixture of phenylglyoxylic acid (0.2mmol), propiophenone (0.2mmol), TBHP (0.4mmol), TBAI (0.04mmol) and ethyl acetate (2mL) was stirred at 80°C for 24h in a 15mL sealed tube successively. After cooling down, the reaction mixture was washed with Na2S2O3 solution, and extracted by ethyl acetate for three times. The obtained top organic layer was dried with anhydrous MgSO4. After drying, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (50:1) as eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In neat (no solvent) at 50 - 60℃; Green chemistry; | 4-Oxo-4-phenylbutane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile (1a). General procedure: A mixture of 1.28 g (0.01 mol) of tetracyanoethylene, 0.011 mol of acetophenone, and 2-3 crystals of p-toluenesulfonic acid was thoroughly stirred and heated to 5060°C with stirring until a homogeneous solution was formed. When the reaction was complete (the absence of tetracyanoethylene was checked by a hydroquinone test), the mixture was cooled and treated with 100 mL of water. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with water and propan-2-ol. Yield 2.31 g (93%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; TEMPOL; copper diacetate; sodium acetate In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 140℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; | |
73% | With ferrous(II) sulfate heptahydrate; 1,10-Phenanthroline; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; | 20 Example 20 synthesis of 4- (4-methylphenyl) -2-phenylpyrimidine Weigh 0.3 mmol of benzamidine hydrochloride (0.0470 g), 0.75 mmol of 4-methylphenylacetone (0.1112 g)0.03 mmol of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.0083 g), 0.03 mmol of 1,10-phenanthroline (0.0054 g), tetramethylpiperidine nitrogenOxides (TEMPO) (0.0563 g) was added to a 10 mL tube reaction tube, and 2 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was added as a solvent,Sealed at 120 ° C for 12 hours. After the reaction, the reaction solution was passed through water, ethyl acetate, anhydrous sulfuric acidSodium drying and column chromatography (column chromatography separation conditions: the stationary phase of 300 ~ 400 mesh silica gel powder, the mobile phase ethyl acetate(A) and petroleum ether (B), the mobile phase change program (A: B) is 1: 50 → 1: 20, 0.0537 g of the reaction product (white solidbody). According to the characterization data, the resulting reaction produces pure 4- (4-methylphenyl) -2-phenylpyrimidine (purity>95%), the structure is as follows:The product yield was calculated and the result was 73%. |
73% | With ferrous(II) sulfate heptahydrate; 1,10-Phenanthroline; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 24h; regioselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In toluene at 120℃; for 14h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 29 Example 29 To a 15 mL reaction tube was added 1a (0.5 mmol, 60.5 mg)Toluene (3 mL),Cu (OAc) 2 (0.05 mmol, 9.1 mg), 2,2'-bipyridine (0.1 mmol, 15.6 mg)TEMPO (1 mmol, 156.2 mg) and 2d (0.6 mmol, 88.9 mg).After vacuuming the reaction tube, the reaction tube is sealed,And the reaction was stirred in an oil bath at 120 ° C for 14 h.Stop the reaction,15 mL of dichloromethane was added,Then washed successively with water and saturated NaCl solution, and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous MgSO4.filter,Spin dry,Separation by silica gel column (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10/1)The target product 3h (97.6 mg, 79%) was obtained. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95.8% | With cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate; [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; 1-butyl-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide In dimethyl sulfoxide; acetonitrile at 80℃; for 7h; | 3 To an appropriate amount of an organic solvent (a mixture of DMSO and acetonitrile in a volume ratio of 2: 1) in an air atmosphere, 100 mmol of the compound of formula (I) 200 mmol of the compound of formula (II) 18 mmol of catalyst (12 mmol Tetracarbonyl ruthenium dichloride and 6 mmol of cobalt chloride hexahydrate), 160 mmol Oxidant PhI (TFA) 2, 30 mmol of the additive N-n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidine bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt and 150 mmol base DIPEA, then the temperature was raised to 80 ° C and the reaction was stirred at that temperature for 7 hours; After completion of the reaction, the reaction system was allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was sufficiently washed with saturated brine; Followed by the addition of chloroform extraction 2-3 times, combined organic phase, concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was too fast silica gel column chromatography to equal volume of C Ketone and petroleum ether as a eluent to give a compound of formula (III) in a yield of 95.8%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Stage #2: 1-indanone phenylhydrazone In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 4h; Sealed tube; | 20 Example 20 To a 15 mL pressure tube was added 1b (1.2 mmol, 178 mg) Cu (OAc) 2 (0.2 mmo 1,36 mg),bpy (0.1 mmol, 16 mg),TEMPO (1.0 mmol, 156 mg) and chlorobenzene (3 mL) were added and the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen, the reaction tube was sealed and placed in an oil bath at 120 °C for 10 h. Then, 4a (0.5 mmol, 111mg) was added to the reaction system and the reaction was continued for 4 h in an air atmosphere at 120 °C oil bath. The reaction was quenched by the addition of 10 mL of water, extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL x 3). The organic phase was washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration, spin drying, separation via silica gel column (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10/1) gave white solid 5c (192mg, 75 %). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Stage #2: 3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-naphthalen-1-one-phenylhydrazone In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 4h; Sealed tube; | 23 Example 23 To a 15 mL pressure tube was added 1b (1.2 mmol, 178 mg) Cu(OAc)2 (0.2 mmol, 36 mg), bpy (0.1 mmol, 16 mg),TEMPO (1.0 mmol, 156 mg) and chlorobenzene (3 mL) were added and the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen, the reaction tube was sealed and placed in an oil bath at 120 °C for 10 h. Then, 4b (0.5 mmol, 118mg) was added to the reaction system and the reaction was continued for 4 h in an air atmosphere at 120 °C oil bath. The reaction was quenched by the addition of 10 mL of water, extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL x 3). The organic phase was washed successively with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration, spin drying, separation via silica gel column (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10/1) to obtain the target product 5f (197mg, 75 %). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 20h; Sealed tube; regioselective reaction; | |
70% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 20h; Sealed tube; | 14 Example 14 2a (0.5 mmol, 80.6 mg) was added to a 15 mL reaction tube containing N, N-dimethylformamide (2 mL),Were added after stirring and dissolving methyl propiophenone (1b, 0.6mmol, 88.9mg),Cu (OAc) 2 (0.05mmol, 9.1mg),2,2'-bipyridine (0.1 mmol, 15.6 mg) and TEMPO (0.5 mmol, 78.1 mg),Seal the reaction tube in the presence of air,The reaction was then stirred in an oil bath at 120 ° C for 20h.After the reaction, the reaction tube was cooled to room temperature, and water was added to quench the reaction.After extraction with ethyl acetate (8 mL × 3), the organic phase was washed with water and saturated brine in this order, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.Filtration, spin-drying, and separation through a silica gel column (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 20/1)The product 3b (101 mg, 70%) was obtained as a yellow solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 20h; Sealed tube; regioselective reaction; | |
78% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 20h; Sealed tube; | 11 Example 11 1b (0.6 mmol, 88.9 mg), 2a (0.5 mmol, 95.6 mg), and Cu(OAc) were successively added to a 15 mL reaction tube.2(0.05 mmol, 9.1 mg), 2,2'-bipyridine (0.1 mmol, 15.6 mg), TEMPO (0.5 mmol, 78.1 mg) and N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL) in the presence of air The reaction tube was sealed and then placed in a 120°C oil bath and stirred for 20 h.After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with ethyl acetate (8 mL×3), and the organic phase was washed with water and saturated brine in that order and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.Filtration, spin-drying, and column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 20/1) afforded product 3b (124 mg, 78%) as a white solid |
70% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; tempol; copper diacetate In toluene at 120℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
38% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 55 - 70℃; for 1.08333h; Stage #2: tert-butyl propionate In tetrahydrofuran at 75℃; for 48h; | 12 Example 12: 2-methyl-1-(-tolyl)pentane-1,3-dione To the suspension of potassium t-butoxide (44.8 g, 344 mmol, 1 .7 equiv.) in THE (40mL) was added the solution of 1 -(p-tolyl)propan-1 -one (30.0 g 202 mmol) in THE (30mL) at 55°C over 5 mm. Stirring was continued for 1 h at 70°C (batch temperature) toyield a clear orange solution, to which was added t-butyl propionate (27.3 g, 243 mmol, 1 .2 equiv.) within dropwise over 10 mm. The resulting solution was stirred at 75°C for 2 days. The mixture was then diluted with toluene and the solution added to a ice/water mixture. Then 150 mL 2N aq. HCI-solution were added. The phases were separatedand the aq. Layer was further extracted with toluene. The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Mg504.After evaporation of the solvents, an orange oil was obtained, which was purified by short-path distillation (10 cm Vigreux column) at 52-70°C/0.02 mbar, followed by a fine distillation at 106-11 9°C/0.02 mbar to yield 2-methyl-i -(p-tolyl)pentane-i ,3-dione (15.5g, 38%) as a colourless oil. Odor description: floral, tea, buttery. The NMR-spectra indicate >95% diketo form.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3): 7.8 - 7.9 (m, 2 H), 7.3 - 7.3 (m, 2 H), 4.5 (q, J=7.i Hz, 1 H),2.35-2.60 (m, 2 H), 2.4 (5, 3 H), 1 .4 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3 H), 1 .0 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3 H).130 NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3): 207.6 (5), 197.0 (5), 144.5 (5), 133.5 (5), 129.5 (d), 128.7(d), 55.8 (d), 33.9 (t), 21 .6 (q), 13.6 (q), 7.7 (q).GC-MS(El,7OeV):204( |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With [2,2]bipyridinyl; tempol; copper diacetate In toluene at 120℃; for 24h; | |
80% | With TEMPOL; N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine; copper diacetate In toluene at 120℃; for 24h; | 7 Example 7: Preparation of 2-(p-tolyl)-5H-coumarin[4,3-b]pyridin-5-one (IIa) 4-aminocoumarin (0.81 g, 5 mmol), p-methylpropiophenone (0.89 g, 6 mmol),A solution of copper acetate (0.18 g, 1 mmol), TMEDA (0.23 g, 2 mmol) and 4-OH-TEMPO (0.86 g, 5 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was stirred at 120 ° C for 24 hours, after completion of the reaction, water and acetic acid Ethyl acetate extraction,The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated.Using a petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 5 / 1 (V / V) mixed solvent as an eluent, silica gel column chromatography to obtain a white solid2-(p-Tolyl)-5H-coumarin[4,3-b]pyridin-5-one (IIa) 1.15 g, Yield: 80%, |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | Stage #1: 4'-methylpropiophenone With potassium hexamethylsilazane In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene at -45℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 2-bromo-4'-methylpropiophenone In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene at -45℃; | 4.1.12 4.1.12 1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethylbutane-1,4-dione (7a) General procedure: To a solution of 6a (1.00 g, 5.58 mmol) in DMF (35.0 mL) was added KHMDS (13.4 mL, 0.5 M solution in toluene) at -45 °C. After being stirred for 1 h, a solution of 5a (1.95 g, 5.58 mmol) in DMF (35.0 mL) was added to the reaction mixture at the same temperature. After being stirred overnight, the reaction was quenched with saturated NH4Cl. The aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexane:ether = 1:1) to afford 7a (2.15 g, 86%) as a pale yellow oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | With pyridine; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 16h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With 1,10-Phenanthroline; nickel(II) bromide diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; sodium hydrogencarbonate In water at 100℃; for 5h; Autoclave; | General procedure for the synthesis of arylketones 3a-y: General procedure: The reaction was carried out in an autoclave containing a 10 mL Teflon reactiontube. NiBr2·diglyme (5 mol%), 1,10-phen (10 mol%) and a magnetic stir bar wereplaced in the tube. Then, arylboronic acid (1.0 mmol), NaHCO3 (2.0 equiv), H2O (2.0mmol) and alkyl nitrile (1.0 mL) were added to the tube. After that the autoclave wascapped with a stopper. The autoclave was cool down by liquid nitrogen, then createdvacuum at this temperature and added HCFC-244bb (2.0 mL, 2.6 g) by self-suction.Finally the autoclave was wormed in an oil bath at 100 °C for 5 h. After the reaction,the autoclave was cooled to room temperature and vented the excess HCFC-244bb carefully. Water (30 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extractedwith dichloromethane (3 x 15 mL). The organic layers were washed with brine, driedover Na2SO4, and evaporated the organic solvent by rotatory evaporator. The crudeproduct was then purified by column chromatography. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With C40H44ClN3Pd; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 80℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | 4.2.3. General procedure for the complex 3a-catalyzed α-arylationof ketones General procedure: Under N2 atmosphere, 3a (1.0 or 2.0 mol%), NaOtBu (2.0 equiv), toluene (1.0 mL), propiophenones 7 (0.5 mmol) and aryl chlorides 4 (0.6 mmol) were successively added into a Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 80 °C for 3 h. Then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was puried by flash column chromatography (SiO2) to give the corresponding products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With C40H44ClN3Pd; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 80℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | 4.2.3. General procedure for the complex 3a-catalyzed α-arylationof ketones General procedure: Under N2 atmosphere, 3a (1.0 or 2.0 mol%), NaOtBu (2.0 equiv), toluene (1.0 mL), propiophenones 7 (0.5 mmol) and aryl chlorides 4 (0.6 mmol) were successively added into a Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 80 °C for 3 h. Then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was puried by flash column chromatography (SiO2) to give the corresponding products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With C40H44ClN3Pd; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 80℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | 4.2.3. General procedure for the complex 3a-catalyzed α-arylationof ketones General procedure: Under N2 atmosphere, 3a (1.0 or 2.0 mol%), NaOtBu (2.0 equiv), toluene (1.0 mL), propiophenones 7 (0.5 mmol) and aryl chlorides 4 (0.6 mmol) were successively added into a Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 80 °C for 3 h. Then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was puried by flash column chromatography (SiO2) to give the corresponding products. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | With aluminium(III) chloride hexahydrate In water at 60℃; for 7.5h; Green chemistry; | synthesis of aromatic acylhydrazonesand hydrazones General procedure: acylhydrazines (1 mmol), aromatic ketones (1 mmol), and AlCl3·6H2O (0.1 mmol) were first charged to a round-bottom flask. 10 cm3 water was also added to the flask. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 60 °C and stirred. TLC was used to monitor reaction progress. After the reaction was completed, solids were collected by filtration; the filtrate was washed by water. The product was drained by vacuum pump to afford desired compound. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With 1,3-DIOXOLANE; at 80℃; for 24h;Sealed tube; | A mixture of l-(p-tolyl)propan-l-one (1.0 g, 6.7 mmol), <strong>[6091-44-7]piperidine</strong> hydrogen chloride (0.98 g, (0217) 8.1 mmol) and methanesulfonic acid (64 mg, 0.67 mmol) in l,3-dioxolane (4.7 mL) was heated to 80C in sealed tube for 24 hours. TLC showed the reaction was complete. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The residue was diluted with 1.0 M HC1 (30 mL) and washed with ethyl acetate (4 X 50 mL). The water layer was adjusted to pH 8-9 with saturated sodium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (80 mL). The organic layer was washed with water, brine (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2-methyl-3-(piperidin-l-yl)-l-(p-tolyl)propan- l-one (1.6 g, 91%) as a light yellow oil. LCMS: (ES+): m/z 246.4 [M+H] +. tR = 1.85 min; ' HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): d 1.18 (d, / = 9.2 Hz, 3H), 1.35-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 4H), 2.42-2.45 (m, 8H), 2.86-2.91 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.79 (m, 1H), 7.27 (d, / = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (d, / = 8.4 Hz, 2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
7% | With hydrogenchloride In 1,4-dioxane; methanol; water at 20℃; for 78h; Reflux; | 1.1 Step 1: Preparation of Tolperisone, 2-methyl-l-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(l-piperidinyl)-l-propanone To a solution of l-(4-methylphenyl)propan-l-one (1.0 g, 6.76 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added piperidine (976 mg, 11.5 mmol) and paraformaldehyde (264 mg, 8.79 mmol) at room temperature, followed by the addition of hydrochloric acid in dioxane (4M, 3.5 mL). The reaction mixture was then refluxed for 78 hours. TLC analysis showed the reaction to be complete. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The residue was dissolved into dichloromethane (100 mL) and washed with water (60 mL). The organic layer was collected, washed with brine (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and (0209) concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude residue which was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (eluted with 2% methanol in dichloromethane) to afford 2-methyl-l- (4- methylphenyl)-3-(l-piperidinyl)-l-propanone (150 mg, 7%) as a light yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCL): d 1.18 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 3H), 1.35-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 4H), 2.42-2.45 (m, 8H), 2.86-2.91 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.79 (m, 1H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H). C16H23NO; MW: 245.36; LCMS: (ES+): m/z 246.4 [M+H] +. tR = 1.852 min |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | With oxygen; sodium docusate; copper(l) chloride In water at 80℃; for 3h; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction; | Typical procedure for the synthesis of N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide (3a) General procedure: The magnetically stirred mixture of the 2-amino pyridine 1a (112.9 mg, 1.2 mmol), acetophenone 2a (120.2 mg, 1 mmol, 1equiv), CuCl (10 mol%, 9.9 mg), sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate (SDOSS, 5 mol%, 22.2 mg) in water (2 mL) was heated at 80 oC while oxygen gas was bubbled into the mixture for 3 h. After completion of the reaction (TLC), the mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), filtered by ordinary filter paper to recover the catalyst. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The filtrate was concentrated under rotary vacuum evaporation, and the residue was charged on to chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel) column and eluted with EtOAc-hexane to afford pure 3a ( 170.4 mg, 86%). All the remaining reactions were performed following this general procedure. The spectral data of the synthesised compounds are provided below. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85.4% | With carbon tetrabromide; oxygen In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 60h; UV-irradiation; | 29 Example 29Compound 18 4-propanoyltoluene (74 mg, 0.5 mmol),Carbon tetrabromide (16mg, 0.05mmol) was addedInto a reaction flask filled with oxygen,Plug in an oxygen balloon,Finally add 10ml of acetonitrile,Reaction at 400nm LED wavelength and room temperature for 60h,After the reaction, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.Add excess 2mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for washing,Adjust the pH to about 10 ~ 11,The aqueous phase was extracted multiple times with ethyl acetate,Then add 2mol / L of dilute hydrochloric acid to the water phase,Adjust the pH to 1-2,The aqueous phase was extracted again with ethyl acetate several times,Evaporate the ethyl acetate and dry,That gives compound 18,The yield was 85.4%. |
79% | With carbon tetrabromide; oxygen In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 60h; Irradiation; | Arylcarboxylic Acids 1a-v; General Procedure General procedure: CAUTION: The reaction is inherently explosive in naturebecause significant concentrations of peroxide and hydroperoxideintermediates are generated. Appropriate precautionsshould be adopted. The reaction should not be scaled up.A solution of the appropriate substrate 1 (0.5 mmol) and CBr4(0.05 mol) in anhyd MeCN (10 mL) was stirred in a roundbottomflask fitted with an O2 balloon, and irradiated externallywith a 60 W 400 nm LED at rt. When the reaction was complete(TLC), the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate; acetic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 140℃; for 48h; | 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (2ga, Scheme 2) 4’-Methylpropiophenone (1 mmol, 148 mg), phenylhydrazine (4 mmol, 432 mg), Cu(OAc)2 (1.3 mmol, 235 mg), TEMPO (4 mmol, 624 mg), acetic acid (1 mmol, 60 mg), DMF (5 mL), 140 °C, 48 h. After column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1),183 mg (78%) of a white solid was obtained. Another independent run gave 186 mg(79%) of the target compound. This compound is known.1 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ 7.88 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H),7.72 - 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.40 (dd, J = 10.8, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J =7.9 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ 153.0, 140.3, 137.8, 130.4, 129.4, 129.4, 127.9,126.2, 125.8, 119.0, 104.9, 21.3. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | With pyridine; bis[dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III)]; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate; silver carbonate; silver(I) triflimide In toluene at 120℃; for 22h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | With sulfuryl dichloride In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; for 24h; | General procedure for dichlorination of ketones. General procedure: To a 25 mL two necked flask equipped with a condenser and a drying tube was added ketone (5.0 mmol) and sulfuryl chloride (15.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 80 °C. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the organic mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the excess amount of sulfuryl chloride, and separated by silica-gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate-hexane as eluent in increasing polarity to yield the desired product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | Stage #1: methanol; 4'-methylpropiophenone With [pentamethylcyclopentadienyl*Ir(2,2′-bpyO)(OH)][Na]; caesium carbonate at 120℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: With water at 120℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; | 4.1. General synthesis of b-methylated secondary alcohols usingmethanol General procedure: In air, in a 25mL Schlenk tube were added ketone (1 mmol), cat. 9(5.5 mg, 1 mol%), Cs2CO3 (97.8 mg, 0.3 equiv), and MeOH (2 mL). Thereaction mixture was heated at 120 C in an oil bath for 12 h underairtight conditions. After cooling to ambient temperature, 2mL H2Owas added, and the mixture was heated at 120 C for another 12 h.After the given reaction time, the mixture was then cooled to ambienttemperature, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purifiedby flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate(50/1-100/1, v/v) to afford the target product, which was identified by NMR analyses. All analytical data of the known compounds areconsistent with those reported in the literature. Some unknowncompounds are detected by NMR and HRMS analyses. |
Tags: 5337-93-9 synthesis path| 5337-93-9 SDS| 5337-93-9 COA| 5337-93-9 purity| 5337-93-9 application| 5337-93-9 NMR| 5337-93-9 COA| 5337-93-9 structure
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