Hexokinase is a crucial enzyme primarily involved in sugar metabolism, particularly in the glycolytic pathway where it phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. This enzyme family comprises several subtypes, such as glucokinase and fructokinase, each possessing specific active sites and multiple functional domains in their structures. Hexokinase is expressed in various cells and tissues, such as the liver, muscles, and brain, with its activity and expression regulated by factors like cellular energy status and hormone levels. Gene-specific expression and mutations of these enzymes are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, liver diseases, and other metabolic disorders, making them vital for understanding and treating these diseases.