Home Chemistry Heterocyclic Building Blocks Pyridines Isonicotinohydrazide
Acetylation: Isonicotinohydrazide can undergo acetylation, where it is converted to acetylisoniazid. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme N-acetyltransferase. Acetylisoniazid is one of the major metabolites of isoniazid and is less active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Hydrazine Formation: In the liver, isonicotinohydrazide can be metabolized into hydrazine by cytochrome P450 enzymes. hydrazine is considered hepatotoxic and is thought to be responsible for the liver toxicity associated with isoniazid therapy.
Oxidation: Isonicotinohydrazide can undergo oxidation reactions, which can lead to the formation of various metabolites with potentially different biological activities.
Formation of Reactive Intermediates: Reactive metabolites of isonicotinohydrazide can form adducts with proteins, DNA, and other cellular components, potentially leading to toxic effects or immune reactions.
Drug-Drug Interactions: Isonicotinohydrazide may interact with other drugs, affecting their metabolism or pharmacological effects. For example, it can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs by competing for cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to increased plasma concentrations and potential toxicity.
Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to isonicotinohydrazide, ranging from mild skin rashes to severe anaphylaxis.
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