Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) belongs to the family of plasma lipoproteins responsible for transporting cholesterol to cells throughout the body. It contains a core of cholesterol esters and a small amount of triglycerides, surrounded by a layer of phospholipids and proteins, primarily ApoB100. LDL circulates in the bloodstream, delivering cholesterol, and is taken up by binding to LDL receptors on cell surfaces, primarily in the liver and arterial wall cells. It plays a role in cholesterol homeostasis, cell membrane synthesis, and repair processes. The regulation of LDL levels involves multiple signaling pathways, including cholesterol endocytosis mediated by LDL receptors. Genetic variations such as specific expression of LDLR and APOB affect LDL clearance rates and are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.