The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved intercellular communication mechanism involving four Notch receptors (Notch1-4) and five ligands (Jagged1, Jagged2, Delta-like 1, 3, 4). These proteins are primarily located on the cell membrane and transmit signals through direct contact between cells. Notch signaling plays a crucial role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, influencing embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and immune responses. The specific expression and mutations of Notch genes are associated with various diseases, including cancer, genetic disorders, and immune system diseases. Abnormal activation or inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway can lead to pathological conditions, making it an important target for drug development.