The PARP family consists of 17 members, primarily including PARP1 to PARP17. They localize in the cell nucleus and mitochondria, participating in reactions such as DNA repair, gene expression regulation, and cell death. Structurally, PARPs feature a DNA-binding domain for recognizing DNA damage and a catalytic domain for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Specific expression and function vary based on cell types and stress conditions, with PARP1 and PARP2 being crucial in DNA damage repair. Mutations often lead to defects in cellular repair mechanisms and are associated with various diseases.