Ras proteins are a class of small GTPases, including H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras family members. They possess highly conserved GTP/GDP-binding domains and primarily localize to the cell membrane. Ras plays a central role in signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival by activating the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways to control cell fate. Specific expression patterns and mutations in Ras genes are common in various cancers, particularly K-Ras mutations are closely associated with pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. These mutations typically result in sustained activation of Ras proteins, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation.