Taste receptors primarily consist of two families: T1R and T2R. These receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors with a structure composed of seven transmembrane domains. They are predominantly located in the taste bud cells on the tongue, responsible for detecting the five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. Activation of these receptors triggers a series of signal transduction processes that ultimately affect taste perception. The gene expression of taste receptors is tissue-specific, and mutations can lead to taste abnormalities.