Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a highly specific targeted therapy technology that combines the high selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent killing power of chemotherapy drugs. In the research and clinical application of cell signaling pathways, ADC technology employs monoclonal antibodies to target specific cell surface antigens. Then, through the drugs conjugated to the antibodies, a direct toxic effect is produced on the target cells, thereby achieving precise killing of disease cells while minimizing damage to normal cells.