The ROCK (Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase) family consists of two main members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which are downstream effectors of the Rho small GTPase. They possess a serine/threonine kinase domain, common structural domains, and a Rho-binding domain. Primarily located in the cytoplasm, they regulate cytoskeletal reorganization, cell adhesion, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. By participating in various signaling pathways, such as the Rho/ROCK pathway, ROCK plays a crucial role in biological processes like vascular tone regulation, nerve regeneration, and inflammatory responses. The expression and activity of ROCK vary in different tissues and cell types, and genetic mutations or abnormal expression are associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.