VDAC (Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel) is the primary channel protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, consisting of three family members: VDAC1, VDAC2, and VDAC3. These channels, structured as β-barrels, regulate the passage of substances such as ATP, ions, and metabolites into and out of mitochondria, serving as crucial conduits for metabolic exchange between mitochondria and other cellular compartments. VDAC plays roles in various biological processes including apoptosis, energy metabolism, and cellular protection, and is associated with multiple signaling pathways. The expression of VDAC genes exhibits certain specificity in different tissues, and alterations in their expression levels and mutations are linked to health issues such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.