Dopamine receptors are a group of G protein-coupled receptors, including five subtypes: D1 to D5, categorized into D1-like (D1, D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, D4) classes. Comprising seven transmembrane helices, these receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, especially in various brain regions such as the striatum and frontal cortex. They regulate neurotransmission, motor control, emotional regulation, and cognitive functions. D1-like receptors primarily increase cAMP levels by activating adenylate cyclase, while D2-like receptors inhibit cAMP production. The gene expression of dopamine receptors is region-specific, and their dysfunction or genetic mutations are associated with various neurobehavioral disorders, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and substance addiction.