The GLUT (glucose transporter) family consists of 14 members (GLUT1-14), whose primary function is to regulate the transport of glucose across cell membranes. These transporters have 12 transmembrane domains and are widely distributed in various cells and tissues. For example, GLUT1 is expressed in red blood cells and the blood-brain barrier, while GLUT4 is mainly found in muscle and adipose tissues, regulated by insulin. The tissue-specific expression of GLUT family members is essential for maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis and energy balance. Gene-specific expression and mutations can affect the efficiency of glucose transport, closely linked to the occurrence and development of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other metabolic disorders. Therefore, GLUT transporters are important targets for research and treatment in metabolic diseases.