Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are a group of serine/threonine kinases activated by calcium ions and calmodulin. Family members include CaMKI, CaMKII, CaMKIV, among others, which are expressed in various cells and tissues, particularly in the brain. These kinases regulate multiple cellular functions by phosphorylating downstream proteins, such as cell cycle control, memory formation, cell survival, and apoptosis. CaMKII, the most extensively studied member, is crucial for long-term potentiation (LTP) and the formation of learning and memory. Specific expression and mutations in the genes affect their activity and regulatory functions, leading to associations with various diseases, including heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and psychiatric conditions. Therefore, the CaMK family represents an important target for neuroscience and cardiovascular disease research.