The adrenergic receptor family comprises five main subtypes: α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3, all of which are seven-transmembrane helical G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are widely distributed in tissues such as the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and kidneys. They play a role in regulating physiological responses in the cardiovascular system, metabolism, and smooth muscle contraction by mediating the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Activation of these receptors triggers multiple signaling pathways, including cAMP and Ca²⁺ signaling, influencing cell functions. The gene-specific expression and mutations of these receptors are closely associated with various diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, asthma, making them important targets for drug therapy.