Lysosomes are the primary digestive organelles in cells, containing various hydrolases that break down proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. Structured by a single-membrane layer enclosing an acidic environment, they are predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, involved in material recycling and cellular waste clearance. Lysosomes process intracellular and engulfed materials by fusing with autophagosomes. Specific gene expression and mutations can impact their functionality, associated with various hereditary storage disorders and other diseases.