The VEGFR family comprises VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), and VEGFR-3 (Flt-4), primarily expressed on vascular endothelial cells, regulating angiogenesis, maintenance, and repair. These receptors consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. By binding to VEGF ligands, VEGFR activates multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and vascular permeability. The gene expression of VEGFR is tissue-specific at different developmental stages, and mutations or dysregulation of expression are associated with various diseases such as tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, and vascular development abnormalities.