ATPases (ATP enzymes) are a class of widely distributed enzymes responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy. The main family members include F-type, V-type, P-type, and ABC-type ATPases. They are composed of multiple subunits, each with different structures and functions, primarily located in the cell membrane, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. ATPases are involved in cellular energy metabolism, ion transport, and molecular pump functions, driving substance transmembrane transport and intracellular signal transduction through ATP hydrolysis. The expression of ATPases is tissue- and cell-specific, and mutations or dysregulation of their genes are associated with various diseases, including muscular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.