The Protein Kinase C (PKC) family comprises at least 10 isoforms, categorized into classical (cPKCα, βI, βII, γ), novel (nPKCδ, ε, η, θ), and atypical (aPKCζ, ι/λ) classes. These kinases are widely distributed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane, participating in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and signal transduction. PKC activation depends on the binding of Ca²⁺, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Their specific expression patterns and activity regulation are closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and other disorders. Abnormal expression and function of PKC family members, especially mutations, affect their cellular localization and regulatory roles, thereby influencing the progression of diseases.