Prostaglandin receptors are part of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, including EP (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4), FP, DP, IP, and TP subtypes, which bind to different prostaglandins such as PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2, PGI2, and TXA2. These receptors are widely distributed in various cells and tissues of the human body, such as smooth muscles, blood vessels, the immune system, and the central nervous system, regulating physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, pain, fever, vasoconstriction and vasodilation, and platelet aggregation. They affect cellular functions through signaling pathways such as cAMP and Ca2+. The gene expression of prostaglandin receptors shows significant tissue specificity, and specific gene variations or expression changes are associated with various diseases such as asthma, hypertension, and inflammation.