The Raf family comprises a group of serine/threonine kinases, including A-Raf, B-Raf, and C-Raf (Raf-1). They possess a common N-terminal regulatory domain and a C-terminal kinase domain, primarily localized in the cytoplasm but capable of translocating to the cell membrane and nucleus. Raf activates the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway through Ras protein activation, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Raf is expressed in various cell types, with B-Raf particularly highly expressed in the nervous system. Gene-specific expression and mutations, especially the V600E mutation in B-Raf, are closely associated with the development of various cancers, making it a key target for targeted therapy.