The Rho family belongs to the Ras superfamily, with primary members including RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC. These small GTPases feature a GTP/GDP binding site. Rho proteins are mainly localized to the cytoplasm and cell membrane, regulating cell morphology, motility, and cytoskeletal organization. Rho proteins activate various downstream effectors, such as ROCK and mDia, participating in signaling pathways involved in cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Expression of Rho genes is tissue-specific, and mutations or abnormal activation are closely linked to the development of various cancers.