The adiponectin receptor family mainly consists of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, transmembrane proteins widely distributed in various cells and tissues such as muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. These receptors activate AMPK and PPAR-α signaling pathways, participating in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity. AdipoR1 is predominantly expressed in muscle, while AdipoR2 is more abundant in the liver. Gene expression is influenced by nutritional and metabolic status, and mutations or downregulation are closely associated with metabolic disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.