Integrins are a large class of transmembrane receptor proteins composed of α and β heterodimers. Within the family, there are 18 α subunits and 8 β subunits, forming diverse combinations. Positioned on the cell membrane, they mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), participating in signaling, cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Integrins exhibit specific expression patterns in different cells and tissues, and abnormalities in their expression and function are associated with various diseases, including tumors, inflammation, and fibrosis. Gene mutations or alterations in expression levels can impact cellular behavior, holding significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.