IGF-1R, or Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor, is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family, belonging to the insulin receptor family. It is composed of two α and two β subunits and binds insulin-like growth factor through its α subunits. Primarily located on the cell membrane, IGF-1R is activated by insulin-like growth factors and participates in regulating biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and metabolism. IGF-1R activates signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt and MAPK, influencing cell growth and anti-apoptosis. This receptor is expressed in various tissues and is associated with aging, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Overexpression or mutations of the IGF-1R gene are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, making it an important biomarker and therapeutic target.