Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a key part of cellular respiration, occurring on the inner membrane of mitochondria and involving five main complexes (I to V). This process is crucial for ATP generation, serving as the primary source of energy supply for most cells. OxPhos expression levels vary across tissues, particularly prominent in high-energy-demanding tissues like the heart and muscles. Abnormalities in this process are linked to various diseases, including mitochondrial diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Genetic mutations, especially those affecting components of the OxPhos complexes, can lead to disruptions in energy metabolism, thereby impacting the function of cells and tissues.