The STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) family includes STAT1 through STAT6 and constitutes intracellular transcription factors. They are activated through phosphorylation mediated by the SH2 domain, translocating into the nucleus to regulate specific gene expression. STAT proteins participate in various signaling pathways, such as the JAK-STAT pathway, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, and apoptosis. Family members exhibit tissue-specific expression in different cells and tissues, and their activation and functions are tightly regulated. Aberrant expression or mutations in STAT genes are associated with various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders.