Aromatase is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of estrogen, catalyzing the conversion of androgens into estrogens. It is present in various tissues, including the ovaries, testes, placenta, and others. Encoded by a single gene, aromatase contains a heme-binding site and achieves its catalytic function through redox reactions. The expression of aromatase in different tissues is regulated by hormone levels, physiological status, and age. Abnormalities in its activity and expression are associated with various diseases, such as estrogen-dependent tumors, reproductive system anomalies, and osteoporosis. Specific gene mutations can lead to either overactivity or insufficient activity of aromatase, affecting estrogen levels and, consequently, impacting overall health.