CRM1 (Exportin 1, also known as XPO1) is a key member of the nuclear export carrier family, responsible for the transport of proteins and RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It accomplishes this by recognizing cargo proteins containing a nuclear export signal (NES), binding to the RanGTP complex, and mediating their passage through the nuclear pore complex. CRM1 is widely expressed in various cell types and participates in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including the cell cycle, signal transduction, and cellular stress response. The specific expression and mutations of the gene affect the function of CRM1 and may be associated with the development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune system disorders. Therefore, CRM1 is an important target for research on nuclear export mechanisms and the development of targeted therapies.