The EAATs family comprises five main members (EAAT1-5), which regulate glutamate uptake in the nervous system, maintaining synaptic glutamate concentrations to ensure accurate neurotransmission. These transporters are highly conserved in structure, primarily consisting of transmembrane domains that facilitate the transport of glutamate from the synaptic cleft back into neurons or glial cells. EAAT1 and EAAT2 are primarily expressed in astrocytes, while EAAT3, EAAT4, and EAAT5 are expressed in neurons. The function of EAATs is crucial for preventing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Their gene-specific expression and mutations are associated with various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, making them key targets in neuroscience and drug research.