The term "gallium catalyst" denotes a metal gallium, gallium salt, or gallium complex that serves as a catalyst. Gallium, an amphoteric metal found in Group IIIA of the periodic table's fourth period, typically exhibits a +3 valence in these catalysts. Gallium catalysts are extensively utilized in organic reactions owing to their notable stability in aqueous solution, strong Lewis acidity, high selectivity, ease of recycling, and environmental friendliness.