The glucocorticoid receptors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), are members of the nuclear receptor family. GR is widely distributed within the cell nucleus and participates in regulating inflammation, metabolism, stress responses, and immune functions by influencing the transcription of specific genes. MR is primarily expressed in the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and brain, regulating water and electrolyte balance. These receptors are highly sensitive to glucocorticoids such as cortisol, and their gene expression is influenced by various physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant receptor function or gene mutations are closely associated with conditions such as hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, immune deficiencies, and cardiovascular diseases, making them potential targets for treating these disorders.