Glucokinase (GK), also known as hexokinase IV or HK4, is a member of the glucokinase family with higher specificity compared to other glucokinases. It is primarily expressed in the liver and pancreatic β-cells, regulating blood glucose levels. As a key regulatory enzyme in glucose metabolism, GK catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which is an important step in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The activity of GK is regulated by the concentration of glucose and is closely associated with insulin secretion and hepatic glucose metabolism. Mutations or changes in expression of the GK gene are associated with diabetes, particularly maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.