GPR119 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family with seven transmembrane domains. This receptor is primarily expressed in pancreatic β-cells and enteroendocrine cells, regulating glucose-dependent insulin release and the secretion of intestinal hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GPR119, through the activation of the cAMP signaling pathway, is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. It exhibits high affinity for endogenous and exogenous ligands, such as oleoylethanolamide (OEA). Gene-specific expression and functional mutations are associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.