The IRAK family (Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases) includes members such as IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK-M, and IRAK4. They are intracellular protein kinases primarily involved in the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R). These kinases mediate downstream signal transduction through phosphorylation, activating transcription factors such as NF-κB, thereby participating in inflammatory responses, immune responses, and cell survival. IRAK family members are expressed in various cell types, particularly in immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. Gene-specific expression and functional mutations are associated with autoimmune diseases, susceptibility to infections, and other inflammation-related diseases.