MALAT1 (Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) is a long non-coding RNA widely present in various tissues, particularly expressed at high levels in tumor cells. It is mainly located in the nucleus and participates in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating gene expression. The expression level of MALAT1 is closely associated with the development and metastasis of various cancers, making it a potential target for cancer therapy. Additionally, mutations and changes in the expression of MALAT1 are also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.