The Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) family plays a crucial role in the metabolism of triglycerides by transferring fatty acyl groups to glycosylated compounds, essential for the synthesis and modification of lipids. This includes members such as MGAT1, MGAT2, and MGAT3, which are active on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, playing an important role in maintaining cell membrane structure, energy storage, and signal transduction. MGAT enzymes are expressed in various tissues, including the intestines and liver, regulating the absorption and metabolism of lipids. Specific expression and mutations of these genes are associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Research on the MGAT family can help develop therapeutic strategies against these diseases.