NTs (Neurotransmitters) are chemical messengers in the nervous system that transmit signals across synapses between neurons, regulating various physiological functions and behavioral responses. The neurotransmitter family includes many members, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and glutamate, each with specific expression in different types of neural cells and brain regions. By binding to specific receptors, neurotransmitters activate or inhibit neuronal activity, affecting pathways related to learning, memory, mood, and movement. Imbalances in neurotransmitter systems are closely associated with the occurrence of various neuropsychiatric disorders.