The PG Synthase (prostaglandin synthase) family mainly includes two subtypes, COX-1 and COX-2, which are bifunctional enzymes with cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities. These enzymes are primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes and are widely present in various cells and tissues. PG Synthase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, participating in inflammation, pain modulation, and vascular constriction. While COX-1 is relatively stably expressed in many tissues, the expression of COX-2 is usually induced under inflammatory and tumorous conditions. Mutations or dysregulation in the PG Synthase genes are associated with various diseases, including inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.