Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway responsible for catalyzing the reversible conversion between 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate. The PGAM family includes multiple isoforms, with PGAM1 widely expressed in the cytoplasm, particularly at higher levels in tissues requiring high-energy metabolism such as muscles, heart, and tumor cells. PGAM1 plays a crucial role in regulating glycolytic rate, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation. Its gene expression is regulated by various physiological and pathological factors, and mutations or abnormal expression are associated with the development of cancer and metabolic disorders.