The PI4K (Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase) family comprises four subtypes: PI4Kα, β, γ, and δ, which possess a catalytic domain responsible for phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol to generate PI4P. These kinases are primarily located on the cell membrane and Golgi apparatus, playing key roles in membrane trafficking, vesicular transport, and signal transduction. PI4Ks have a central role in regulating intracellular architecture, cell surface receptor signaling, and membrane lipid composition. They are expressed with specificity in different tissues and participate in various physiological and pathological processes. The gene expression and mutations of PI4Ks are associated with infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their importance in maintaining cell health and disease development.