[ CAS No. 1968-05-4 ] {[proInfo.proName]}

Name: 1968-05-4|3,3'-Diindolylmethane|98%
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DV 2D 3D

3d Animation Molecule Structure of 1968-05-4

Structure of 1968-05-4 * Storage: {[proInfo.prStorage]}

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Quality Control of [ 1968-05-4 ]

COA NMR CNMR HPLC LC-MS

Related Doc. of [ 1968-05-4 ]

SDS Specification

Alternatived Products of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Product Details of [ 1968-05-4 ]

CAS No. :	1968-05-4	MDL No. :	MFCD00195766
Formula :	C₁₇H₁₄N₂	Boiling Point :	-
Linear Structure Formula :	-	InChI Key :	VFTRKSBEFQDZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
M.W :	246.31	Pubchem ID :	3071
Synonyms :	DIM;Arundine;HB 236

Calculated chemistry of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms :	19
Num. arom. heavy atoms :	18
Fraction Csp3 :	0.06
Num. rotatable bonds :	2
Num. H-bond acceptors :	0.0
Num. H-bond donors :	2.0
Molar Refractivity :	79.61
TPSA :	31.58 Å²

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption :	High
BBB permeant :	Yes
P-gp substrate :	Yes
CYP1A2 inhibitor :	Yes
CYP2C19 inhibitor :	Yes
CYP2C9 inhibitor :	No
CYP2D6 inhibitor :	Yes
CYP3A4 inhibitor :	Yes
Log Kp (skin permeation) :	-4.89 cm/s

Lipophilicity

Log Po/w (iLOGP) :	1.99
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) :	4.1
Log Po/w (WLOGP) :	4.24
Log Po/w (MLOGP) :	3.0
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) :	5.01
Consensus Log Po/w :	3.67

Druglikeness

Lipinski :	0.0
Ghose :	None
Veber :	0.0
Egan :	0.0
Muegge :	0.0
Bioavailability Score :	0.55

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL) :	-4.52
Solubility :	0.00745 mg/ml ; 0.0000303 mol/l
Class :	Moderately soluble
Log S (Ali) :	-4.47
Solubility :	0.00837 mg/ml ; 0.000034 mol/l
Class :	Moderately soluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT) :	-7.1
Solubility :	0.0000197 mg/ml ; 0.00000008 mol/l
Class :	Poorly soluble

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS :	0.0 alert
Brenk :	0.0 alert
Leadlikeness :	2.0
Synthetic accessibility :	1.91

Safety of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Signal Word:	Warning	Class:	N/A
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P273-P305+P351+P338	UN#:	N/A
Hazard Statements:	H315-H319-H335-H412	Packing Group:	N/A
GHS Pictogram:

Application In Synthesis of [ 1968-05-4 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

Upstream synthesis route of [ 1968-05-4 ]
Downstream synthetic route of [ 1968-05-4 ]

[ 1968-05-4 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream 1~2

1
[ 1968-05-4 ]
[ 122-51-0 ]
[ 6336-32-9 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
73%	With sulfuric acid In methanol for 5 h; Reflux	A solution of 25.0 g (101.5 mmol) of 3,3-methylenediindole and 15.1 g (101.5 mmol) of triethyl orthoformate in 400 ml of methanol was added with 1.4 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and stirred for 5 h while refluxing under heating. The reaction solution was cooled in an iced water bath. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with 500 ml of methanol, to obtain 19.0 g of brown solid, which was identified as the following intermediate 2-2 by FD-MS analysis (yield: 73percent).
69.9%	With sulfuric acid In methanol for 1.05 h; Reflux	In a 2000-ml three-necked flask that had been deaerated and filled with nitrogen were placed 50.69 g (0.2058 mole) of 3,3'-methylenediindole and 30.55 g (0.2061 mole) of triethyl orthoformate, then 640 g of methanol was added, and the mixture was stirred. To the mixture was added dropwise 5.0 g (0.0515 mole) of concentrated sulfuric over 3 minutes and the mixture was heated under reflux for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the reddish brown crystals formed were collected by filtration and reslurried twice with 500 ml of methanol. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and 36.81 g of solid C or indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (0.1438 mole, 69.9 percent yield) was obtained as a reddish brown powder.

Reference： [1] Archiv der Pharmazie, 1987, vol. 320, # 3, p. 280 - 282
[2] Patent: EP2738166, 2014, A1, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0168
[3] Patent: EP2080762, 2009, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 26

2
[ 1968-05-4 ]
[ 149-73-5 ]
[ 6336-32-9 ]

Reference： [1] Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2015, vol. 13, # 10, p. 2879 - 2883

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[ 1968-05-4 ]

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Ghs Precautionary Statements

Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

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Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
94.1%	With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In ethanol; water; at 40 - 50℃; for 3h;	Add 280 grams of water to the 1L three-neck bottle. 120 grams of ethanol, 100.0 grams, 15.4 g of paraformaldehyde and 14.7 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, The reaction was carried out at 40-50 C for 3 hours, and the stirring was stopped after the reaction was almost complete by TLC. Filtration and washing with ethanol to obtain crude 3,3'-dimethane. The crude product was recrystallized by heating with toluene as a solvent. After the precipitate is completely cooled, it is crystallized and filtered. Dry under low temperature vacuum to obtain 99.0 g of a white solid. The yield was 94.1%.
92%	With bromine; In acetonitrile; at 50℃; for 16h;	General procedure: A 25-mL flask, equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, was charged with 1H-indole 1a (117mg, 1.0mmol), CH3CN (4.0mL), and benzaldehyde 2a (0.056mL, 0.55mmol), followed by addition of a solution of Br2 (0.0010mL) in CH3CN (1.0mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50C for 1min. After 1a was consumed, as indicated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous Na2S2O3, cooled to room temperature, poured into 30mL water under stirring, and extracted with CH2Cl2 three times. The extract was dried over anhydrous MgSO4. After removal of solvents, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether-ethyl acetate=9/1, V/V) to afford the product 3a as a pink solid (158mg, 98% yield).
90%	With immobilized hexamine on Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles tribromide; In neat (no solvent); at 80℃; for 0.166667h;	General procedure: A mixture of aldehyde or ketone (1 mmol), indole (2 mmol), and catalyst (0.01 g) was stirred at 80 C for 10 min. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion of the reaction, EtOH (3 mL) was added and the catalyst was separated by an external magnet. In the recycling experiment, the separated catalyst was then washed with ethanol and dried in oven to remove residual solvent. The results of synthesis of BIMs under solvent-free conditions at 80 C, are presented in Table 1.

56%	With tungsto-vanadophosphoric acid on the surface of pyridine modified Fe3O4 nanoparticle; In neat (no solvent, solid phase); at 100℃; for 0.25h;	General procedure: A mixture of carbonyl compound (1 mmol), indole (0.234 g,2 mmol) and the desired amount of the inorganic-organic hybridmaterial HPA/TPI-Fe3O4nanoparticles was stirred at elevated tem-perature (100C) for an appropriate reaction time. After completionof the reaction, as indicated by TLC, acetonitrile (3 ml) was added tothe reaction mixture and the catalyst was removed using an exter-nal magnetic bar. Then, silica gel (?1 g) was added to the filtrate,and after evaporation of the solvent, a dark pinkish solid mixturewas obtained. Purification of the product was performed by shortcolumn chromatography eluted with ethylacetate/petroleum ether(1/9) to give a pinkish solid product in high yield. Products wereknown compounds and were identified by means of IR and1H NMRspectroscopy and/or comparison of their melting points with thosereported in the literature.
42%	With Fe3O4(at)C-PW (12-Tungstophosphoric acid immobilized on carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles); In water; at 20℃; for 0.5h;	General procedure: A mixture of aldehyde (1 mmol), indole (2 mmol), catalyst (0.15 g), and H2O (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature. At the end of the reaction, water was removed from the mixture by centrifugation followed by decantation. The product was dissolved in acetonitrile, and the catalyst was separated from the product by an external magnet. The solvent was evaporated in vacuum to give the product, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using EtOAc/petroleum ether as eluent.
40%	With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In diethyl ether; at 20℃; for 2h;	General procedure: BF3·Et2O (21.3 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of indole 1 (234.4 mg, 2 mmol) and benzaldehyde 2a (106.1 mg, 1 mmol) in diethyl ether (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h in the atmosphere and monitored by TLC. After completion of the reaction, the volatile components were removed using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel column using EtOAc/petroleum ether solution (1:15-1:8, v/v) as eluent to afford a pink solid bis(indolyl)phenylmethane 3a

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
2.1%; 45%	With acetic acid; In water; at 50 - 90℃; for 3 - 20h;	The one carbon-linked bis-indoles (la-g) were synthesized from indole or 5-substituted indole and formaldehyde, using the method of Jackson et al. (J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1987, 11: 2543-51 (Scheme 4).R B:HOCH3CO2H HCO2H OHScheme 4 Synthesis of 1C bis-indoles. Ia and Ib produced as a mixture, as were Ic and Id. EPO <DP n="81"/>[00321] Formaldahyde (0.55 eq., 37percent aqueous solution) and acetic acid (0.5 eq.) were added to indole or substituted indole (1.0 - 100 mmol) suspended in H2O and the suspension heated at 9O0C for 8-20 hrs. (Scheme 4). Since 5-hydroxy-indole is sensitive to oxidation, the synthesis of Ig was performed under argon and excluding light, and was heated at only 5O0C for 3 hrs. For the reaction giving la,b, as well as that for lc,d, the beige, gummy mixture was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with water, recrystallized from EtOAc/hexanes and the resulting cream solid purified by flash chromatography using 4: 1 hexanes/EtOAc as eluant. Purification of le-g are given below.Di-(indol-3-yl)methane (Ia):[00322] White crystals (5.55g, 45percent); mp 158-16O0C; 1H NMR: 4.13 (s, 2H),6.91 (t, 2H, J=7.3), 7.03 (t, 2H, J=7.3), 7.13 (s, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H, J=8.2), 7.51 (d, 2H,J=7.6), 10.72 (s, 2H); 13C NMR: 20.94, 111.32 (2C), 114.21 (2C), 118.04 (2C),118.69 (2C), 120.76 (2C), 122.77 (2C), 127.21 (2C), 136.41 (2C); EI m/z (percent): 246.4(6), 117.8 (100), 89.6 (49); HRMS: CnHi4N2 requires 246.1157, found 246.1147.; 3 -((indol-1-yl) methyl) -indole (\\b):[00323] White crystals (0.262g, 2.1percent); mp 82-840C; 1H NMR: 5.50 (s, 2H),6.38 (d, IH, J=0.6), 7.02 (m, 4H), 7.34 (d, IH, J=8.2), 7.49 (m, 4H), 7.64 (d, IH,J=8.2), 11.03 (s, IH); 13C NMR: 41.29, 100.30, 110.27, 111.02, 111.61, 118.56,118.80 (2C), 120.38, 120.84, 121.29, 124.84, 126.50, 128.30, 128.84, 135.66, 136.36;EI m/z (percent): 246.4 (8), 117.6 (100); HRMS: CnH14N2 requires 246.1157, found246.1168.
25%Chromat.; 65%Chromat.	With calcium oxide; In neat (no solvent); at 100℃; for 3h;	Indole 1 (8.54 mmol), paraformaldehyde (10.25 mmol) and CaO (145.18 mmol) were blendedwith a magnetic stirrer for the period indicated (TLC) at 100 °C. After reaction, the crude mixture wasextracted with CH2Cl2 and the obtained extract was passed through celite. The concentrated filtratewas ash chromatographed (hexane/ethyl acetate 3/1) on silica gel, obtaining the desired product.

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed
H304	May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
H305	May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways
H310	Fatal in contact with skin
H311	Toxic in contact with skin
H312	Harmful in contact with skin
H313	May be harmful in contact with skin
H314	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
H315	Causes skin irritation
H316	Causes mild skin irritation
H317	May cause an allergic skin reaction
H318	Causes serious eye damage
H319	Causes serious eye irritation
H320	Causes eye irritation
H330	Fatal if inhaled
H331	Toxic if inhaled
H332	Harmful if inhaled
H333	May be harmful if inhaled
H334	May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
H335	May cause respiratory irritation
H336	May cause drowsiness or dizziness
H340	May cause genetic defects
H341	Suspected of causing genetic defects
H350	May cause cancer
H351	Suspected of causing cancer
H360	May damage fertility or the unborn child
H361	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
H361d	Suspected of damaging the unborn child
H362	May cause harm to breast-fed children
H370	Causes damage to organs
H371	May cause damage to organs
H372	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
H373	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Environmental hazards
Code	Phrase
H400	Very toxic to aquatic life
H401	Toxic to aquatic life
H402	Harmful to aquatic life
H410	Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H411	Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H412	Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
H413	May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life
H420	Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere

[ CAS No. 1968-05-4 ] {[proInfo.proName]}

Quality Control of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Related Doc. of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Product Details of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Calculated chemistry of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Physicochemical Properties

Pharmacokinetics

Lipophilicity

Druglikeness

Water Solubility

Medicinal Chemistry

Safety of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Application In Synthesis of [ 1968-05-4 ]

[ 1968-05-4 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream 1~2

[ 1968-05-4 ] Synthesis Path-Downstream 1~88

Related Parent Nucleus of [ 1968-05-4 ]

Indoles

Precautionary Statements-General

Prevention

Response

Storage

Disposal

Physical hazards

Health hazards

Environmental hazards

Inquiry

Related Parent Nucleus of
[ 1968-05-4 ]