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Chemical Structure| 84-48-0 Chemical Structure| 84-48-0

Structure of 84-48-0

Chemical Structure| 84-48-0

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Bertaglia, Thiago ;

Abstract: Day by day, our energy-hungry society necessitates increasing amounts of electric energy, and tackling this issue has attracted the intense attention of researchers and policymakers worldwide. One of the main challenges nowadays is ensuring humankind's continuous development while alleviating the environmental pressure caused by the widespread use of non-renewable sources. In this context, organic compounds are promising alternative electroactive materials to produce reliable, more sustainable, and cost-effective energy storage technologies thanks to their remarkable electrochemical response and structural diversity/tunability. For instance, are key electron carriers in the bioenergetic cycles that enable life to occur and have recently been the focus of intense research in the energy storage field. Based on this, this PhD focuses on applying quinone derivatives as electrode materials for developing semisolid microbatteries (MBs) using ferricyanide as the cathode material. It is divided into two chapters, each describing the development of a different MB in-depth. The first chapter describes the synthesis and application of 4-((9,10-anthraquinone-2-yl)oxy)butyrate (2-BEAQ), a self-gelling compound that forms a thermoreversible and pseudoplastic hydrogel when dissolved in 1 mol L-1 KOH, called BEAQ-gel. It shows a straightforward characterisation of 2-BEAQ and BEAQ-gel by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques, culminating in suggesting a gelation mechanism of 2-BEAQ. Moreover, it shows the full development of a wearable MB, from the flexible casing production to the assembly and characterisation of the MB. The developed BEAQ-gel || Ferricyanide-XG-gel MB delivers an outstanding voltage and a power output compatible with low-consumption wearable sensors, showcasing the feasibility of employing anthraquinone-based supramolecular hydrogels as electrode materials for producing semisolid MBs. It also demonstrates that the scalability of this technology is possible, as a 4 times larger battery showed similar power output and voltage. The second chapter delves into the development of ink-writing printed carbon-based current collectors and their subsequent application for producing an organic-based MB. By activating the surface of the current collectors, one showed a kinetic improvement in the electrochemical reaction of ferricyanide while showing no effect on the kinetics of anthraquinone-2,7-sulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS). Also, this chapter provides a complete surface characterisation of activated and non-activated surfaces through Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemistry. The last section shows the full development of a 2,7-AQDS || Ferricyanide MB and its characterisation through controlled current and voltage techniques. This battery showed remarkable performance under a high loading of 200 µA cm-2 and cyclability at ± 500 µA cm-2, suggesting its possible use as a secondary MB. Furthermore, two series assemblies composed of 3 and 5 cells demonstrate a voltage output of 3.70 and 2.35 V, allowing their application in current commercially available devices, such as a calculator. In all, this work attests to the feasibility of employing organic-based semisolid electrodes for producing MBs with outstanding performance and contributes to advancing this research field. It also contributes to a better understanding of supramolecular hydrogels by showcasing the mechanisms underlying the formation of anthraquinone-based supramolecular hydrogels.

Keywords: Energy storage ; microbattery ; supramolecular hydrogel ; ; bioinspiration

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Product Details of [ 84-48-0 ]

CAS No. :84-48-0
Formula : C14H8O5S
M.W : 288.28
SMILES Code : O=C(C1=C2C=CC=C1)C3=CC=C(S(=O)(O)=O)C=C3C2=O
English Name :9,10-Anthraquinone-2-sulfonicacid
MDL No. :MFCD00035697

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