Zou, Xinhao; Mei, Lin; Liu, Qian; Fang, Xue; Wang, Dingxin; Zhao, Panfeng; Ding, Weiping; Luo, Tianzhi

DOI:

Abstract

To address the challenge of optimizing biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, and efficacy in flexible electronic skin materials, a high-performance conductive and zwitterionic hydrogel (ASCC) was developed utilizing sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). By copolymerizing SBMA with acrylamide (AAm) to form dynamic ionic channels and integrating CMCS-driven multiple physical crosslinking networks (including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic effects), the hydrogel demonstrated remarkable mechanical properties—namely a maximum tensile strain of 1113.44% and toughness of 741.02 kJ·m-3. It also exhibited high ionic conductivity (1.48 S/m) and sustained stability, maintaining performance after 3000 cycles. Exploiting the bioinert nature of SBMA alongside the antimicrobial properties of CMCS, the ASCC hydrogel showed exceptional biocompatibility (cell viability exceeding 90%) and broad-spectrum efficacy (over 93% inhibition against E. coli and B. subtilis). Moreover, its significant transparency (>90% visible-light transmittance) and rapid response capability (50 ms response time) facilitated real-time monitoring of multiscale human movements, such as joint bending, vocalization, and facial micro-expressions, while sustaining a stable linear resistance-strain relationship (gauge factor GF=5.11). This study introduces an innovative strategy for designing flexible electronic skins with integrated biosafety, mechanical durability, and multifunctional sensing capabilities.

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