RAD52 is a key protein in homologous recombination (HR) for repairing DNA double-strand breaks. It promotes the annealing of single-stranded DNA and works synergistically with RAD51 to accelerate DNA repair. RAD52 is expressed in various cell types, especially abundant in rapidly dividing cells, with significant localization in the nucleus. Functional mutations in RAD52 can impair DNA repair capacity, increase genetic material instability, and are associated with various genetic diseases and cancers.