Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus. Its structural features include fusion protein (F protein), attachment protein (G protein), and phosphoprotein, without a membrane structure. RSV primarily replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract cells of the host, particularly in epithelial cells. The virus promotes its replication by inhibiting the host's interferon response and other immune response pathways while activating multiple cell signaling pathways to regulate the viral infection process. The genome of RSV exhibits high genetic diversity, especially in the G protein gene, and its variation significantly affects the virus's transmission capability and pathogenicity.