The Trk receptor family comprises three main members: TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, all of which are tyrosine kinase receptors. These receptors possess a single transmembrane domain, an extracellular domain for binding to nerve growth factor (NGF), and an intracellular tyrosine kinase activity domain. Trk receptors are primarily localized in the nervous system and are crucial for promoting the survival, growth, and differentiation of nerve cells. They participate in neurodevelopment and maintaining nervous system function by activating signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PLCγ. The specific gene expression of Trk receptors and their distribution in different types of nerve cells are essential for the health of the nervous system. Mutations or changes in expression of Trk receptor genes are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases and sensory disorders.