The ULK family, including key proteins like ULK1 and ULK2, constitutes the core components of the autophagy initiation complex. These kinases possess kinase catalytic domains and shared structural domains, primarily locating in the cytoplasm to regulate the formation of autophagosomes. Through interactions with proteins like Atg13 and FIP200, the ULK complex participates in sensing nutrient signals and initiating the autophagic process. Family members exhibit specificity in expression across different tissues, closely linking with the cell's response to environmental stress. The specific expression and mutations of ULK genes have a significant impact on the development of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.