VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation) is an immune checkpoint molecule belonging to the B7 family, composed of a V-type immunoglobulin domain. It is primarily expressed on the surface of immune cells such as T cells, dendritic cells, and myeloid cells. VISTA is involved in regulating T cell activation and immune tolerance by delivering inhibitory signals that suppress T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In the tumor microenvironment, VISTA expression is increased, aiding tumor cells in evading immune surveillance. The expression of VISTA in different cells and tissues is specific, and changes or mutations in its gene expression are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.