XOR (Xanthine Oxidoreductase) is a crucial enzyme involved in the purine metabolic pathway, responsible for converting xanthine into uric acid. This enzyme is highly expressed in tissues such as the liver and small intestine, and its abnormal activity increase is associated with a higher risk of gout and certain cardiovascular diseases. The expression of the XOR gene is influenced by various physiological and pathological conditions, and specific expression and functional mutations may lead to metabolic disorders and diseases. In recent years, inhibitors targeting XOR have attracted attention as potential drugs for treating gout and certain cardiovascular conditions.